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Handbook of Visual Display Technology pp 2111–2124Cite as

Methods of 2-D Image Formation in Microdisplay-based and Related Systems

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Abstract

The data that forms the image viewed on an electronic display device is almost always transmitted to the display in serial format. Yet in almost all cases an electronic information display (EID) displays a 2D image. In this chapter, we review, and consider the implications of, some commonly used options for implementing the serial-to-parallel conversion. We further review different methods of generating gray levels in the pixels of a monochrome display, similarly the constituent gray levels in each of the individual color components of a color display, and finally the range of colors in the pixels of a color display. Much of the above is relevant to a broad range of display systems. Microdisplay systems, however, offer additional possibilities due to the superior capabilities (in terms of integration and speed of operation) of CMOS active matrix backplane electronics and the additional dimension afforded by optical transmission and/or magnification.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Active Matrix or Amplitude Modulation

AES:

All-Electronic Scanning

AMLCD:

Active Matrix LCD

AMOLED:

Active Matrix OLED

AOS:

All-Optical Scanning

BLU:

Backlight Unit

BP:

Bit Plane

BWPCM:

Binary Weighted Pulse Count Modulation

BWPWM:

Binary Weighted Pulse Width Modulated or Modulation

CP:

Color Plane

CRT:

Cathode Ray Tube

DMD:

Digital Micromirror Device

EID:

Electronic Information Display

EO:

Electro-Optic

FET:

Field Effect Transistor

FPS:

Frames Per Second

FSC:

Field Sequential Color

GLV:

Grating Light Valve

IM:

Intensity Modulated or Modulation

LCD:

Liquid Crystal Display

LSBP:

Least Significant BP

MEMS:

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

MEOS:

Mixed Electronic Optical Scanning

MSBP:

Most Significant BP

NTE:

Near-To-Eye

OLED:

Organic Light Emitting Diode

PCM:

Pulse Count Modulated or Modulation

PDP:

Plasma Display Panel

PM:

Passive Matrix

PWM:

Pulse Width Modulation

RGB:

Red Green Blue

RGBG:

Red Green Blue Green

RGBW:

Red Green Blue White

TFT:

Thin Film Transistor

SLM:

Spatial Light Modulator

SP:

Sub-Pixel

SSFLC:

Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric LC

SSP:

Sub-Sub-Pixel

TNLCD:

Twisted Nematic LCD

TV:

Television

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Further Reading

  • Armitage D, Underwood I, Wu ST (2006) Introduction to microdisplays. Wiley, Chichester

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  • Brennesholtz MS, Stupp EH (2008) Projection displays. Wiley, Chichester

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Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank Ahmad Wafi Mahmood Zuhdi and Krzysztof Nguyen of the University of Edinburgh for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, The King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK

    Ian Underwood

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  1. Ian Underwood
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Correspondence to Ian Underwood .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Janglin Chen

  2. Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Wayne Cranton

  3. Veritas et Visus, Texas, USA

    Mark Fihn

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Underwood, I. (2012). Methods of 2-D Image Formation in Microdisplay-based and Related Systems. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_131

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