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Direct Drive, Multiplex and Passive Matrix

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Handbook of Visual Display Technology

Abstract

This chapter is dedicated to the driving of low-content displays. It gives an overview of these methods starting from the simplest, direct drive, and segmented low-content displays through multiplex passive and active matrix drives for displays with low- to mid-size resolutions. The introduction explains some of the electrical principals involved in driving a display. Later on passive matrix addressing schemes will be described in more detail before the active matrix addressing scheme is presented. Finally the handling of two typical low-resolution passive matrix LCD modules will be explained.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Active Matrix

ASCII:

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

CGRAM:

Character Generator Random Access Memory

CGROM:

Character Generator Read Only Memory

DC:

Direct Current

DC/DC:

Direct Current Converter

DDRAM:

Display Data Random Access Memory

DR:

Data Register

E:

Enable

EOTF:

Electro-Optic Transfer Function

IF:

Interface

IR:

Instruction Register

ITO:

Indium Tin Oxide

LC:

Liquid Crystal

LCD:

Liquid Crystal Display

LED:

Light Emitting Diode

μC:

Microcontroller

MPU:

Micro Processor Unit

MOSFET:

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

OLED:

Organic Light Emitting Diode

OTP:

One Time Programmable

PM:

Passive Matrix

PWM:

Pulse Width Modulation

QVGA:

Quarter Video Graphics Array

RAM:

Random Access Memory

RGB:

Red, Green, Blue

RMS:

Root Mean Square

RS:

Register Select

R/W:

Read/Write

TCON:

Timing Controller

TFT:

Thin Film Transistor

VGA:

Video Graphics Array

XOR:

Exclusive OR

References

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Further Reading

  • Cristaldi DJR, Pennisi S, Pulvirenti F (2009) Liquid crystal display drivers. Springer, Berlin. ISBN 978-90-481-2254-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitescu M, Susnea I (2005) Microcontrollers in practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-28308-9

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  • Nauth P (2005) Embedded intelligent systems. Oldenburg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-486-27522-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleitz W (1998) Microprocessor and microcontroller fundamentals: the 8085 and 8051 hardware and software. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River. ISBN 0-13-262825-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Virenda Kumar (1995) Digital technology: principles and practice. New Age International, New Delhi. ISBN 81-224-0788-9

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  • Brody TP (1984) The thin film transistor - a late flowering bloom. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 31(11):1614–1628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IEC 61966–4 (1998) Colour measurement and management in multimedia systems and equipment – Part 4: equipment using liquid crystal display panel

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristiansen H, Liu J (1999) Overview of conductive adhesive technologies for display applications. In: Liu J (ed) Conductive adhesives for electronics packaging. Electrochemical Publications, Port Erin, pp 376–399

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  • Kawakami H (1976) Method of driving liquid crystal matrix display device. US Patent #3 976 362, issued 1976

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  • Kuijk KE (2000) Minimum-voltage driving of STN LCDs by optimized multiple-row addressing. J SID 8(2):147–153

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pforzheim University, Display Lab, Tiefenbronner Str. 65, D-75175, Pforzheim, Germany

    Prof. Karlheinz Blankenbach, Andreas Hudak B. Eng. MSc. & Michael Jentsch B. Eng. MSc.

Authors
  1. Prof. Karlheinz Blankenbach
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  2. Andreas Hudak B. Eng. MSc.
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  3. Michael Jentsch B. Eng. MSc.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karlheinz Blankenbach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Janglin Chen

  2. Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Wayne Cranton

  3. Veritas et Visus, Texas, USA

    Mark Fihn

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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Blankenbach, K., Hudak, A., Jentsch, M. (2012). Direct Drive, Multiplex and Passive Matrix. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_33

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