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Handbook of Visual Display Technology pp 1243–1287Cite as

Materials and Phase Structures of Calamitic and Discotic Liquid Crystals

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Abstract

In this article, an introduction to the field of liquid crystals relevant to displays and devices is given. It covers the structures of nematic, and smectic, calamitic liquid crystals that can be used as the switching elements in displays, and nematic discotic and columnar nematic liquid crystals that can be used in optical films. Examples of the types of materials that can be employed, in each case, are given, and also the effects that can be achieved when the materials are chiral.

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Abbreviations

5CB:

4′-Pentyl-4-Cyanobiphenyl

8SI:

4-(2-Methylbutyl)phenyl 4-n-octylbiphenyl-4′-Carboxylate

AF:

Antiferroelectric

BDH:

British Drug Houses

CE8:

4-(2-methylbutyl)phenyl 4-n-Octylbiphenyl-4′-Carboxylate

Col:

Columnar

F:

Ferroelectric

IPS-LCD:

In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Display

LCD:

Liquid Crystal Display

N:

Nematic

Ps:

Spontaneous Polarization

Sm:

Smectic

SSF-LCD:

Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display

STN-LCD:

Super-Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display

TN-LCD:

Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display

VAN-LCD:

Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Display

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Further Reading

  • Demus D, Goodby JW, Gray GW, Spiess H-W, Vill V (1998) Handbook of liquid crystals, vol 1: fundamentals. Wiley, Weinheim, p 914. ISBN 3-527-29270-5

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  • Demus D, Goodby JW, Gray GW, Spiess H-W, Vill V (1998) Handbook of liquid crystals, vol 2A: low molecular weight liquid crystals I. Wiley, Weinheim, p 490. ISBN 3-527-29271-3

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  • Demus D, Goodby JW, Gray GW, Spiess H-W, Vill V (eds) (1999) Physical properties of liquid crystals. Wiley, Weinheim, p 503. ISBN 3-527-29747-2

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  • Goodby JW, Blinc R, Clark NA, Lagerwall ST, Osipov MA, Pikin SA, Sakurai T, Yoshino K, Zeks B (1991) Ferroelectric liquid crystals – principles, properties and applications. Gordon and Breach, Philadelphia, p 474. ISBN 2-88124-282-0

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, USA

    J. W. Goodby

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  1. J. W. Goodby
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Correspondence to J. W. Goodby .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Janglin Chen

  2. Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Wayne Cranton

  3. Veritas et Visus, Texas, USA

    Mark Fihn

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Goodby, J.W. (2012). Materials and Phase Structures of Calamitic and Discotic Liquid Crystals. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_81

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