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Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays

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Handbook of Visual Display Technology

Abstract

Bistable liquid crystal displays offer many benefits, including the ability to display high levels of image content using passive matrix addressing and without thin-film transistors; ultralow power reflective displays with image storage that only consume power with changes to image; and flexible plastic displays capable of showing color images. The topic is diverse, involving nematic, smectic, and cholesteric liquid crystals; retardation, anisotropic absorption, scattering, and selectively reflecting optical modes; dielectrically, ferroelectrically, and flexoelectrically driven electrooptic effects; bistable textures stabilized by monostable surfaces or smectic layers and bistable surfaces; and applications ranging from electronic skins to high-definition television. Many different bistable display modes have been suggested over the past four decades, and this chapter concentrates on the bistable twisted nematic, surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), scattering smectic A, grating aligned zenithal bistable display, and bistable cholesteric displays (BCDs).

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Abbreviations

BCD:

Bistable Cholesteric Display

BiNemâ„¢:

Trade Name for 0-Ï€ Bistable Nematic Mode marketed by Nemoptic

BTN:

Bistable Twisted Nematic often used for the 0-2Ï€ metastable nematic display mode

C1 and C2:

FLC Chevron smectic layer orientation directions defined with respect to the parallel surface alignment directions

CMOS:

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor/Silicon

DMOS:

Double Diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor/Silicon

DRAMA:

Defence Research Agency Multiplexed Addressing Scheme used for Ï„Vmin FLC

ESL:

Electronic Shelf-Edge Label used in retail for automatically displaying pricing and other product information

FLC:

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal formed in chiral tilted smectic liquid crystals, but usually taken to mean chiral smectic C∗

FLCD:

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display

HAN:

Hybrid-Aligned Nematic, usually taken to mean homeotropic alignment on one surface, and homogeneous or low pre-tilt alignment on the opposite surface

HDTV:

High-Definition Television usually corresponding to 1,920 × 1,080i (interlaced) or 1,920 × 1,080p (progressive) pixels

ITO:

Indium Tin Oxide, the transparent conducting oxide layer most commonly used by the display, touch screen, and solar panel industries

LCD:

Liquid Crystal Display

N and N∗ :

Nematic and Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Phases, where the pitch of the chiral nematic is arbitrarily taken to be much longer than the wavelength of light, to distinguish it from the cholesteric phase

NTSC:

National Television System Committee that defined the standards for US color television

OLED:

Organic Light Emitting Diode

PEDOT:

Poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythioiphene), a polymeric transparent conductor

PES:

Polyethersulfone polymer film that can be made without birefringence

PET:

Polyethylene Terephthalate, polymer film

Ps and Pf :

Electric Polarization, either spontaneous (ferroelectric) or elastically induced (flexoelectric)

QVGA:

Quarter-Video-Graphics Array, 320 × 240 pixels

RGBW:

Red-Green-Blue and transparent (White) color filter system

RMS:

Root Mean Square

SiOx :

Silicon Oxide Layer, usually evaporated onto glass surface to induce director alignment

SmA, SmC, and SmC∗ :

Smectic A, Smectic C, and Chiral Smectic C Phases

STN:

Supertwist Nematic Display, taken to include foil compensated STN

TDP:

Triangular Director Profile for SmC and FLC chevron structures

TFT:

Thin-Film Transistor, usually meaning one or more such elements at each pixel

TN:

Twisted Nematic

VAN:

Vertically Aligned Nematic, where both surfaces are homeotropically aligned

ZBD:

Zenithal Bistable Display/Device

Δn:

The birefringence of the anisotropic liquid crystal phases, given as the difference between extraordinary n e and ordinary n o refractive indices

Ï„Vmin mode:

FLCD Mode of operation for low Ps and highly positive dielectrically biaxial FLC

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  • Wu ST, Yang DK (2001) Reflective liquid crystal displays. Wiley, Chichester/New York

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ZBD Displays Ltd, Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, UK

    Cliff Jones

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Janglin Chen

  2. Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

    Wayne Cranton

  3. Veritas et Visus, Texas, USA

    Mark Fihn

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Jones, C. (2012). Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays. In: Chen, J., Cranton, W., Fihn, M. (eds) Handbook of Visual Display Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79567-4_92

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