Skip to main content

Enhancing Human Understanding through Intelligent Explanations

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 11))

Abstract

Ambient systems that explain their actions promote the user’s understanding as they give the user more insight in the effects of their behavior on the environment. In order to provide individualized intelligent explanations, we need not only to evaluate a user’s observable behavior, but we also need to make sense of the underlying beliefs, intentions and strategies. In this paper we argue for the need of intelligent explanations, identify the requirements of such explanations, propose a method to achieve generation of intelligent explanations, and report on a prototype in the training of naval situation assessment and decision making. We discuss the implications of intelligent explanations in training and set the agenda for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Zachary, W., Cannon-Bowers, J., Bilazarian, P., Krecker, D., Lardieri, P., Burns, J.: The Advanced Embedded Training System (AETS): An Intelligent Embedded Tutoring System for Tactical Team Training. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 257–277 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. van Doesburg, W.A., van den Bosch, K.: Cognitive Model Supported Tactical Training Simulation. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation (BRIMS). Universal City, CA, pp. 313–319 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hutchins, S.G., Kemple, W.G., Porter, G.R., Sovereign, M.G.: Evaluating Human Performance in Command and Control Environments. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Newport, RI, pp. 50–52 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Murray, T.: Authoring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: An Analysis of the State of the Art. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 10, 98–129 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ntuen, C.A., Balogun, O., Boyle, E., Turner, A.: Supporting Command and Control Training Functions in the Emergency Management Domain Using Cognitive Systems Engineering. Ergonomics 49, 1415–1436 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Murray, W.R.: Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Commercial Games: The Virtual Combat Training Center Tutor and Simulation. AIIDE, 66–71 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Livak, T., Heffernan, N.T., Moyer, D.: Using Cognitive Models for Computer Generated Forces and Human Tutoring. In: 13th Annual Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation(BRIMS), Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization, Arlington, VA (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lewis Johnson, W.: Agents that Learn to Explain Themselves. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artifcial Intelligence, Seattle, Washington, United States, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2, pp. 1257–1263 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gomboc, D., Solomon, S., Core, M.G., Lane, H.C., van Lent, M.: Design Recommendations to Support Automated Explanation and Tutoring. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Koedinger, K.R., Anderson, J.R.: Illustrating Principled Design: The Early Evolution of a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra Symbolization. Interactive Learning Environments 5, 161–180 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Anderson, J.R., Conrad, F.G., Corbett, A.T.: Skill Acquisition and the LISP Tutor. Cognitive Science 13, 467–506 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Core, M.G., Traum, T., Lane, H.C., Swartout, W., Gratch, J., van Lent, M.: Teaching Negotiation Skills Through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans. Simulation 82(11), 685–701 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Psotka, J., Massey, D., Mutter, S. (eds.): Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Polson, M.C., Richardson, J.J.: Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jensen, R., Nolan, M., Chen, D.Y.: Automatic Causal Explanation Analysis in Combined Arms Training AAR. In: Proceedings of the Interservice / Industry Training, Simulation, and Educational Conference (I/ITSEC) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. van den Bosch, K.: Durable Competence in Procedural Tasks Through Appropriate Instruction and Training. In: Harris, D. (ed.) Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, Aldershot, Ashgate, vol. 3, pp. 431–438 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ramberg, R.: Construing and Testing Explanations in a Complex Domain. Computers in Human Behavior 12(1), 29–47 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Teichert, M.A., Stacy, A.M.: Promoting Understanding of Chemical Bonding and Spontaneity through Student Explanation and Integration of Ideas. Journal of Research in Science Teaching 39(6), 464–496 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Morrison, P., Barlow, M.: Child’s Play? Coercing a COTS Game into a Military Experimentation Tool. In: Proceedings of SimTecT 2004, Canberra, pp. 72–77 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nakatsu, R.T.: Explanatory Power of Intelligent Systems: A Research Framework. In: Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Decision Support Systems, Prato, Italy, pp. 568–577 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Herlocker, J.L.: Position Statement - Explanations in Recommender Systems. In: Proceedings of the CHI 1999 Workshop, Pittsburgh, USA (1999)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Max Mühlhäuser Alois Ferscha Erwin Aitenbichler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mioch, T., Harbers, M., van Doesburg, W.A., van den Bosch, K. (2008). Enhancing Human Understanding through Intelligent Explanations. In: Mühlhäuser, M., Ferscha, A., Aitenbichler, E. (eds) Constructing Ambient Intelligence. AmI 2007. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85379-4_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85379-4_38

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85378-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85379-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics