Skip to main content

An Influence Model for Reference Object Selection in Spatially Locative Phrases

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5248))

Abstract

A comprehensive influence model for choosing a reference object in a spatially locative phrase is developed. The model is appropriate for a Bayesian network implementation and intended as a step toward machine learning of spatial language. It takes its structure from the necessary steps a listener must take in utilising spatial communication and contains as variables parameters derived from the literature concerning characteristics of landmarks for wayfinding as well as reference objects in general. Practical limitations on the implementation and training of the model are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Talmy, L.: Toward a Cognitive Semantics. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dale, R., Reiter, E.: Computational interpretations of the gricean maxims in the generation of referring expressions. Cognitive Science 19, 233–263 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Duwe, I., Kessler, K., Strohner, H.: Resolving ambiguous descriptions through visual information. In: Coventry, K.R., Olivier, P. (eds.) Spatial Language. Cognitive and Computational Perspectives, pp. 43–67. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  4. van Deemter, K., van der Sluis, I., Gatt, A.: Building a semantically transparent corpus for the generation of referring expressions (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Regier, T.: The human semantic potential: Spatial language and constrained connectionism. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lockwood, K., Forbus, K., Usher, J.: Spacecase: A model of spatial preposition use. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Coventry, K.R., Cangelosi, A., Rajapakse, R., Bacon, A., Newstead, S., Joyce, D., Richards, L.V.: Spatial prepositions and vague quantifiers: Implementing the functional geometric framework. In: Proceedings of Spatial Cognition Conference (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Roy, D.K.: Learning visually-grounded words and syntax for a scene description task. Computer Speech and Language 16(3) (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Herzog, G., Wazinski, P.: Visual translator: Linking perceptions and natural language descriptions. Artificial Intelligence Review 8, 175–187 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Herskovits, A.: Schematization. In: Olivier, P., Gapp, K.-P. (eds.) Representation and Processing of Spatial Expressions, pp. 149–162. Laurence Earlbaum Associates (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Miller, G.A., Johnson-Laird, P.N.: Language and perception. Harvard University Press (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Carlson, L.A., Hill, P.L.: Processing the presence, placement, and properties of a distractor in spatial language tasks. Memory and Cognition 36, 240–255 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bennett, B., Agarwal, P.: Semantic categories underlying the meaning of ‘place’. In: Winter, S., Duckham, M., Kulik, L., Kuipers, B. (eds.) COSIT 2007. LNCS, vol. 4736. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. de Vega, M., Rodrigo, M.J., Ato, M., Dehn, D.M., Barquero, B.: How nouns and prepositions fit together: An exploration of the semantics of locative sentences. Discourse Processes 34, 117–143 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Plumert, J.M., Carswell, C., DeVet, K., Ihrig, D.: The content and organization of communication about object locations. Journal of Memory and Language 34, 477–498 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Burnett, G.E., Smith, D., May, A.J.: Supporting the navigation task: characteristics of good landmarks. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society. Taylor & Francis, Abington (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Raubal, M., Winter, S.: Enriching wayfinding instructions with local landmarks. In: Egenhofer, M.J., Mark, D.M. (eds.) GIScience 2002. LNCS, vol. 2478, pp. 243–259. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Nothegger, C., Winter, S., Raubal, M.: Computation of the salience of features. Spatial Cognition and Computation 4, 113–136 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Winter, S.: Route adaptive selection of salient features. In: Kuhn, W., Worboys, M., Timpf, S. (eds.) COSIT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2825. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sorrows, M., Hirtle, S.: The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In: Freska, C., Mark, D. (eds.) Spatial Information Theory: Cognitive and Computational Foundations of GIS. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Tezuka, T., Tanaka, K.: Landmark extraction: A web mining approach. In: Cohn, A.G., Mark, D.M. (eds.) COSIT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3693. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Klabunde, R., Porzel, R.: Tailoring spatial descriptions to the addressee: a constraint-based approach. Linguistics 36(3), 551–577 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mainwaring, S.D., Tversky, B., Ohgishy, M., Schiano, D.J.: Descriptions of simple spatial scenes in english and japanese. Spatial Cognition and Computation 3(1), 3–43 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Grice, H.P.: Logic and conversation. In: Cole, P., Morgan, J. (eds.) Syntax and Semantics: Speech Acts, vol. 3, pp. 43–58. Academic Press, New York (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vandeloise, C.: Spatial Prepositions. University of Chicago Press (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gapp, K.P.: An empirically validated model for computing spatial relations. Künstliche Intelligenz, pp. 245–256 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Regier, T., Carlson, L.: Grounding spatial language in perception: An empirical and computational investi- gation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130(2), 273–298 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Tenbrink, T.: Identifying objects on the basis of spatial contrast: An empirical study. In: Freksa, C., Knauff, M., Krieg-Bruckner, B., Nebel, B., Thomas Barkowsky, T. (eds.) Spatial Cognition IV: Reasoning, Action, Interaction. International Conference Spatial Cognition 2004, pp. 124–146. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Horowitz, T.S., Wolfe, J.M.: Search for multiple targets: Remember the targets, forget the search. Perception and Psychophysics 63, 272–285 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Barclay, M.J., Galton, A.P.: A scene corpus for training and testing spatial communication systems (in press, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Montello, D.R.: Scale and multiple psychologies of space. In: Frank, A.U., Campari, I. (eds.) COSIT 1993. LNCS, vol. 716, pp. 312–321. Springer, Heidelberg (1993)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Christian Freksa Nora S. Newcombe Peter Gärdenfors Stefan Wölfl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Barclay, M., Galton, A. (2008). An Influence Model for Reference Object Selection in Spatially Locative Phrases. In: Freksa, C., Newcombe, N.S., Gärdenfors, P., Wölfl, S. (eds) Spatial Cognition VI. Learning, Reasoning, and Talking about Space. Spatial Cognition 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5248. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87601-4_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87601-4_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-87600-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-87601-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics