Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Knowledge-Based Patterns of Remembering: Eye Movement Scanpaths Reflect Domain Experience

  • Conference paper
HCI and Usability for Education and Work (USAB 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 5298))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

How does knowledge of a domain influence the way in which we inspect artefacts from within that domain? Eye fixation scanpaths were recorded as trained individuals looked at images from within their own domain or from another domain. Sequences of fixations indicated differences in the inspection patterns of the two groups, with knowledge reflected in lower reliance of low-level visual features. Scanpaths were observed during first and second viewings of pictures and found to be reliably similar, and this relationship held in a second experiment when the second viewing was performed one week later. Eye fixation scanpaths indicate the viewer’s knowledge of the domain of study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Underwood, G., Chapman, P., Brocklehurst, N., Underwood, J., Crundall, D.: Visual attention while driving: sequences of eye fixations made by experienced and novice drivers. Ergon 46, 629–646 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Underwood, G., Chapman, P., Bowden, K., Crundall, D.: Visual search while driving: skill and awareness during inspection of the scene. Trans. Res. F: Psychol. Behav. 5, 87–97 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rayner, K.: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 124, 72–422 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Henderson, J.M.: Human gaze control during real-world scene perception. Trends In Cog. Sci. 7, 498–504 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Knoblich, G., Öllinger, M., Spivey, M.J.: Tracking the eyes to obtain insight into insight problem solving. In: Underwood, G. (ed.) Cognitive Processes in Eye Guidance, pp. 355–376. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Buswell, G.T.: How people look at pictures: A study of the psychology of perception in art. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Yarbus, A.L.: Eye movements and vision. Plenum, New York (1967)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Mackworth, N.H., Morandi, A.J.: The gaze selects informative details within pictures. Percept. Psychophy. 2, 547–552 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mannan, S., Ruddock, K., Wooding, D.: The relationship between the locations of spatial features and those of fixations made during visual examination of briefly presented images. Spat. Vis. 10, 65–188 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Noton, D., Stark, L.: Scanpaths in saccadic eye movements while viewing and recognizing patterns. Vis. Res. 11, 929–942 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Stark, L., Noton, D.: Scanpaths and pattern recognition. Sci. 173, 753 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Brandt, S.A., Stark, L.W.: Spontaneous eye movements during visual imagery reflect the content of the visual scene. J. Cog. Neurosci. 9, 27–38 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Laeng, B., Teodorescu, D.S.: Eye scanpaths during visual imagery reenact those of perception of the same visual scene. Cog. Sci. 26, 207–231 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mannan, S., Ruddock, K., Wooding, D.: Automatic control of saccadic eye movements made in visual inspection of briefly presented 2-D images. Spat. Vis. 9, 363–386 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mannan, S., Ruddock, K., Wooding, D.: Fixation patterns made during brief examination of two dimensional images. Percept. 26, 1059–1072 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tatler, B.W., Baddeley, R.J., Gilchrist, I.D.: Visual correlates of fixation selection: effects of scale and time. Vis. Res. 45, 643–659 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Henderson, J.M., Brockmole, J.R., Castelhano, M.S., Mack, M.L.: Visual saliency does not account for eye movements during search in real-world scenes. In: van Gompel, R., Fischer, M., Murray, W., Hill, R.W. (eds.) Eye Movements: A Window On Mind And Brain, pp. 537–562. Elsevier, Oxford (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Levenshtein, V.: Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions and reversals. Soviet Physice-Doklady 10, 707–710 (1966)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Choi, Y.S., Mosley, A.D., Stark, L.: Sting editing analysis of human visual search. Opt. Vis. Sci. 72, 439–451 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sankhoff, D., Kruskal, J.B. (eds.): Time Warps, String Edits And Macromolecules: The Theory And Practice Of Sequence Comparison. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Privitera, C.M.: The scanpath theory: its definition and later developments. In: Proc. SPIE 6057 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Privitera, C.M., Stark, L.W.: Algorithms for defining visual regions-of-interest: Comparison with eye fixations. IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell., 22970–22982 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Groner, R., Walder, F., Groner, M.: Looking at faces: local and global aspects of scanpaths. In: Gale, A., Johnson, F. (eds.) Theoretical And Applied Aspects Of Eye Movement Research, pp. 523–533. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Stark, L., Ellis, S.R.: Scanpaths revisited: cognitive models direct active looking. In: Fisher, D.F., Monty, R.A., Senders, J.W. (eds.) Eye Movements: Cognition And Visual Perception, pp. 193–227. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Underwood, G., Phelps, N., Wright, C., van Loon, E., Galpin, A.: Eye fixation scanpaths of younger and older drivers in a hazard perception task. Ophth. Physiol. Opt. 25, 346–356 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wooding, D.: Eye movements of large populations: II. Deriving regions of interest, cover-age and similarity using fixation maps. Behav. Res. Meth. Instr. Comp. 34, 518–528 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Itti, L., Koch, C.: A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vis. Res. 40, 1489–1506 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Parkhurst, D., Law, K., Niebur, E.: Modelling the role of salience in the allocation of overt visual attention. Vis. Res. 42, 107–123 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Underwood, G., Foulsham, T., van Loon, E., Humphreys, L., Bloyce, J.: Eye movements during scene inspection: A test of the saliency map hypothesis. Euro. J. Cog. Psychol. 18, 321–342 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Foulsham, T., Underwood, G.: How does the purpose of inspection influence the potency of visual saliency in scene perception? Percept. 36, 1123–1138 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Underwood, G., Foulsham, T.: Visual saliency and semantic incongruency influence eye movements when inspecting pictures. Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 59, 1931–1949 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Williams, A., Davids, M., Visual, K.: search strategy, selective attention, and expertise in soccer. Res. Quart. Exer. Sport. 69, 111–128 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. McCarley, J.S., Kramer, A.F., Wickens, C.D., Vidoni, E.D., Boot, W.R.: Visual skills in airport-security screening. Psychol. Sci. 15, 302–306 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Manning, D., Ethell, S., Donovan, T., Crawford, T.: How do radiologists do it? The influ-ence of experience and training on searching for chest nodules. Radiography 12, 134–142 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Holzinger, A.: Rapid prototyping for a virtual medical campus interface. IEEE Software 21, 92–99 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Holzinger, A.: Usability engineering methods for software developers. Comm. ACM 48, 71–74 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK

    Geoffrey Underwood, Katherine Humphrey & Tom Foulsham

Authors
  1. Geoffrey Underwood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Katherine Humphrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tom Foulsham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (IMI) Research Unit HCI4MED, Medical University Graz (MUG), Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, 8036, Graz, Austria

    Andreas Holzinger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Underwood, G., Humphrey, K., Foulsham, T. (2008). Knowledge-Based Patterns of Remembering: Eye Movement Scanpaths Reflect Domain Experience. In: Holzinger, A. (eds) HCI and Usability for Education and Work. USAB 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5298. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89350-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89350-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89349-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89350-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation