Abstract
In this paper, we propose an encryption scheme for Scalable Video Coding (SVC). The proposed video encryption method provides secured SVC contents with selective encryption scheme. The main feature of this scheme is making use of the characteristics of Scalable Video Coding. The encryption procedures are carried out at the Network Abstractor Layer (NAL) level. Of all NAL units, Instantaneous Decoding Refresh (IDR) Picture, Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), and Picture Parameter Set (PPS) are encrypted with a stream cipher. Leak EXtraction (LEX) algorithm is adopted to reduce computational cost. Experiments were performed to verify the proposed methods using the joint scalable video model (JSVM), and the experimental results show that the proposed methods could provide high security, low computational cost as well as support a video encryption with scalability function.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG 11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6: Scalable Video Coding - Joint Draft 11, Doc.JVT-X201 (July 2007)
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG 11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6: Joint Scalable Video Model JSVM-11. Doc.JVT-X202 (July 2007)
Schwarz, H., Marpe, D., Wiegand, T.: Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 17(9), 1103–1120 (2007)
Lian, S., Liu, Z., Ren, Z., Wang, H.: Secure Adanced Video Coding Based on Selective Encryption Algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 52(2), 621–629 (2006)
Won, Y.G., Bae, T.M., Ro, Y.M.: Scalable Protection and Access Control in Full Scalable Video Coding. In: Shi, Y.Q., Jeon, B. (eds.) IWDW 2006. LNCS, vol. 4283, pp. 407–421. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Kim, Y., Jin, S.H., Bae, T.M., Ro, Y.M.: A Selective Video Encryption for the Region of Interest in Scalable Video Coding. In: IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1–4 (2007)
Fan, Y., Wang, J., Ikenaga, T., Tsunoo, Y., Goto, S.: A New Video Encryption Scheme for H.264/AVC. In: Ip, H.H.-S., Au, O.C., Leung, H., Sun, M.-T., Ma, W.-Y., Hu, S.-M. (eds.) PCM 2007. LNCS, vol. 4810, pp. 246–255. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Lian, S., Sun, J., Liu, G., Wang, Z.: Efficient Video Encryption Scheme based on Advanced Video Coding. Multimedia Tools and Applications 38(1), 75–89 (2008)
Wang, J., Fan, Y., Ikenaga, T., Goto, S.: A Partial Scramble Scheme for H.264 Video. In: 7th International Conference on ASICON 2007, pp. 802–805 (2007)
Ueda, S., Shigeno, H., Okada, K.-i.: NAL Level Stream Authentication for H.264/AVC. In: Information and Media Technologies, vol. 3, pp. 55–63. IPSJ Digital Courier (2007)
Zhu, B.B., Swanson, M.D., Li, S.: Encryption and Authentication for Scalable Multimedia: Current State of the Art and Challenges. In: Proc. SPIE Internet Multimedia Management System, vol. 5601, pp. 157–170 (October 2004)
Grangetto, M., Magli, E., Olmo, G.: Multimedia Selective Encryption by Means of Randomized Arithmetic Coding. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 8(5), 905–917 (2006)
Shi, T., King, B., Salama, P.: Selective Encryption for H.264/AVC Video Coding. The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 6072, 461–469 (2006)
Zhu, B., Yuan, C., Wang, Y., Li, S.: Scalable Protection for MPEG-4 Fine Granularity Scalability. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 7(2) (April 2005)
Wang, Y., Cai, M., Tang, F.: Design of a New Selective Video Encryption Scheme Based on H.264. In: International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, pp. 883–882 (December 2007)
Mian, C., Jia, J., Lei, Y.: An H.264 Video Encryption Algorithm Based On Entropy Coding. In: Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIHMSP 2007, pp. 41–44 (November 2007)
Alex, B.: A New 128-bit Stream Cipher LEX. ECRYPT Stream Cipher Project Report (2005), http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/stream/lex.html
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG 11 and ITU-T SG16 Q.6: Joint Scalable Video Model (JSVM) Software Manual. Included in JVT-X203 (July 2007)
Amon, P., Rathgen, T., Singer, D.: File Format for Scalable Video Coding. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 17(9) (September 2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Li, C., Zhou, X., Zhong, Y. (2008). NAL Level Encryption for Scalable Video Coding. In: Huang, YM.R., et al. Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2008. PCM 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5353. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89796-5_51
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89796-5_51
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89795-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89796-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)