Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of deducing and adjusting constraint weights at run time to guide the movement of the camera in an informed and controlled way in response to the requirements of the shot. This enables the control of weights at the frame level. We analyze the mathematical representation of the cost structure of the search domain so that the constraint solver can search the domain efficiently. Here we consider a simple tracking shot of a single target without occlusion or other environment elements. In this paper we consider only the distance, orientation, frame coherence distance and frame coherence rotation constraints in 2D. The cost structure for 2D suggests the use of a binary search to find the solution camera position.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alam, M.S.: Control of Constraint Weights for an Autonomous Camera. Master’s Thesis, School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada (2008)
Bares, W.H., McDermott, S., Boudreaux, C., Thainimit, S.: Virtual 3D camera composition from frame constraints. In: MULTIMEDIA 2000: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 177–186. ACM Press, New York (2000a)
Bares, W.H., Thainimit, S., McDermott, S.: A model for constraint-based camera planning. In: AAAI 2000 Spring Symposium Series on Smart Graphics, Stanford, California, USA, March 2000, pp. 84–91 (2000b)
Bourne, O., Sattar, A.: Applying constraint satisfaction techniques to 3D camera control. In: Webb, G.I., Yu, X. (eds.) AI 2004. LNCS, vol. 3339, pp. 658–669. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Bourne, O., Sattar, A.: Applying constraint weighting to autonomous camera control. In: Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Marina Del Ray, CA, USA, pp. 3–8. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2005a)
Bourne, O., Sattar, A.: Evolving behaviours for a real-time autonomous camera. In: Proceedings of the Second Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Sydney, Australia, pp. 27–33 (2005b) ISBN 0-9751533-2-3/05/11
Bourne, O.: Constraint-Based Intelligent Camera Control for Interactive Digital Entertainment. PhD Thesis, Institute of Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia (2006)
Bourne, O., Sattar, A.: Autonomous camera control with constraint satisfaction methods. In: Robin, S. (ed.) AI Game Programming Wisdom, March 2006, vol. 3, pp. 173–187. Charles River Media (2006)
Christie, M., Normand, J.-M.: A semantic space partitioning approach to virtual camera composition. In: Proceedings of the Annual Eurographics Conference, vol. 24, pp. 247–256 (2005)
Halper, N., Helbing, R., Strothotte, T.: A camera engine for computer games: managing the trade-off between constraint satisfaction and frame coherence. In: Chalmers, A., Rhyne, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the Eurographics 2001 Conference, Manchester, UK, September 2001, vol. 20(3), pp. 174–183 (2001)
Katz, S.: Film Directing Shot by Shot: Visualizing from Concept to Screen. Michael Wiese Productions, Studio City, CA 91604, USA (1991)
Mascelli, J.: The Five C’s of Cinematography: Motion Picture Filming Techniques. Silman-James Press, USA (1998)
Pickering, J.H.: Intelligent Camera Planning for Computer Graphics. PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of York (2002)
Thompson, R.: Grammar of the Shot. Focal Press (1998) ISBN 0-240-51398-3
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alam, M.S., Goodwin, S.D. (2009). Control of Constraint Weights for a 2D Autonomous Camera. In: Gao, Y., Japkowicz, N. (eds) Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Canadian AI 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5549. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01818-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01818-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01817-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01818-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)