Skip to main content

Modeling Feedback within MAS: A Systemic Approach to Organizational Dynamics

  • Conference paper
Book cover Organized Adaption in Multi-Agent Systems (OAMAS 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5368))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Organization–oriented modeling approaches are established tools for Agent–Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) efforts. Role and Group concepts are prevalent concepts in the design of agent–based applications. These allow the definition and partition of static organizational structures and facilitate the description of agent behaviors in terms of role/group changing activities. Due to a growing interest in the construction of adaptive and self–organizing dynamics within MAS – i.e. applications that adjust their organizational structure at runtime – developers require tools for expressing the dynamics of MAS organizations, that result from individual agent activity and adaptiveness.

In this paper we discuss how the macroscopic behavior of organizational structures can be modeled by relating systemic modeling techniques to MAS designs. Particularly the notions of causal loop diagrams, composed of system properties connected by causal links are applied to express the timely behavior of role and group occupations. Corresponding modeling activities are facilitated by a graphical notation that highlights feedback loops. Since simulations are indispensable to examine complex, non–linear behaviors, we discuss how the systemic semantics can be translated into systems of stochastic process algebra terms, therefore enabling model simulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Jennings, N.R.: Building complex, distributed systems: the case for an agent-based approach. Comms. of the ACM 44(4), 35–41 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Henderson-Sellers, B., Giorgini, P. (eds.): Agent-oriented Methodologies. Idea Group Publishing (2005) ISBN: 1591405815

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sudeikat, J., Braubach, L., Pokahr, A., Lamersdorf, W.: Evaluation of agent–oriented software methodologies - examination of the gap between modeling and platform. In: Odell, J.J., Giorgini, P., Müller, J.P. (eds.) AOSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3382, pp. 126–141. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Coutinho, L.R., Sichman, J.S., Boissier, O.: Modeling organization in mas: a comparison of models. In: Proc. of the 1st. Workshop on Software Engineering for Agent-Oriented Systems (SEAS 2005) (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mao, X., Yu, E.: Organizational and social concepts in agent oriented software engineering. In: Odell, J.J., Giorgini, P., Müller, J.P. (eds.) AOSE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3382, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Serugendo, G.D.M., Gleizes, M.P., Karageorgos, A.: Self–organisation and emergence in mas: An overview. Informatica 30, 45–54 (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Mühl, G., Werner, M., Jaeger, M.A., Herrmann, K., Parzyjegla, H.: On the definition of self-managing and self-organizing systems. In: Braun, T., Carle, G., Stiller, B. (eds.) KIVS 2007 Kommunikation in Verteilten Systemen – Industriebeitráge, Kurzbeiträge und Workshops, VDE–Verlag (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Parunak, H.V.D., Brueckner, S.: Engineering swarming systems. In: Methodologies and Software Engineering for Agent Systems, pp. 341–376. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Sudeikat, J., Renz, W.: Building Complex Adaptive Systems: On Engineering Self–Organizing Multi–Agent Systems. In: Applications of Complex Adaptive Systems, pp. 229–256. IGI Global (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sterman, J.D.: Business Dynamics - Systems Thinking an Modeling for a Complex World. McGraw-Hill, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sudeikat, J., Renz, W.: On expressing and validating requirements for the adaptivity of self–organizing multi–agent systems. System and Information Sciences Notes 2, 14–19 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sudeikat, J., Renz, W.: Toward systemic mas development: Enforcing decentralized self–organization by composition and refinement of archetype dynamics. In: Proc. of Engineering Environment–Mediated Multiagent Systems. LNCS. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Richardson, G.P.: Problems with causal–loop diagrams. System Dynamics Review 2, 158–170 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bonabeau, E., Dorigo, M., Theraulaz, G.: Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems. Santa Fe Institute Studies on the Sciences of Complexity. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Mamei, M., Menezes, R., Tolksdorf, R., Zambonelli, F.: Case studies for self-organization in computer science. J. Syst. Archit. 52, 443–460 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. DeWolf, T., Holvoet, T.: Decentralised coordination mechanisms as design patterns for self-organising emergent applications. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Engineering Self-Organising Applications, pp. 40–61 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gardelli, L., Viroli, M., Omicini, A.: Design patterns for self–organizing systems. In: Burkhard, H.-D., Lindemann, G., Verbrugge, R., Varga, L.Z. (eds.) CEEMAS 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4696, pp. 123–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Edmonds, B.: Using the experimental method to produce reliable self-organised systems. In: Brueckner, S.A., Di Marzo Serugendo, G., Karageorgos, A., Nagpal, R. (eds.) ESOA 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3464, pp. 84–99. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. DeWolf, T., Holvoet, T.: A taxonomy for self-* properties in decentralised autonomic computing. In: Chapter in Autonomic Computing: Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hassas, S., Marzo-Serugendo, G.D., Karageorgos, A., Castelfranchi, C.: On self–organized mechanisms from social, business and economic domains. Informatica 30, 62–71 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Renz, W., Sudeikat, J.: Emergence in software. KI – Künstliche Intelligenz 02/07, 48–49 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  22. DeWolf, T., Holvoet, T.: Towards a methodolgy for engineering self-organising emergent systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Self-Organization and Adaptation of Multi-agent and Grid Systems (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Odell, J., Van Dyke Parunak, H., Brueckner, S., Sauter, J.: Changing roles: Dynamic role assignment. Jounal of Object Technology 2, 77–86 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Odell, J.J., Van Dyke Parunak, H., Brueckner, S.A., Sauter, J.: Temporal aspects of dynamic role assignment. In: Giorgini, P., Müller, J.P., Odell, J.J. (eds.) AOSE 2003. LNCS, vol. 2935, pp. 201–213. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Odell, J., Parunak, H.V.D., Bauer, B.: Extending UML for agents. In: Proceedings of the Agent-Oriented Information Systems Workshop at the 17th National conference on Artificial Intelligence (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ferber, J., Gutknecht, O., Michel, F.: From agents to organizations: An organizational view of multi-agent systems. In: Giorgini, P., Müller, J.P., Odell, J.J. (eds.) AOSE 2003. LNCS, vol. 2935, pp. 214–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Lerman, K., Galstyan, A.: A general methodology for mathematical analysis of multiagent systems. USC Inf. Sciences Tech.l Report ISI-TR-529 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Axtell, R., Axelrod, R., Epstein, J.M., Cohen, M.D.: Aligning simulation models: A case study and results. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 1, 123–141 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wilson, W.: Resolving discrepancies between deterministic population models and individual–based simulations. The American Naturalist 151, 116–134 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gardelli, L., Viroli, M., Omicini, A.: On the role of simulations in engineering self-organising mas: The case of an intrusion detection system in tucson. In: Brueckner, S.A., Di Marzo Serugendo, G., Hales, D., Zambonelli, F. (eds.) ESOA 2005. LNCS, vol. 3910, pp. 153–166. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Winfield, F.T., Sa, J., Fernandez-Gago, M.C., Dixon, C., Fisher, M.: On formal specification of emergent behaviours in swarm robotic systems. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 2, 363–370 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Borshev, A., Filippov, A.: From system dynamics and discrete event to practical agent based modeling: Reasong, techniques, tools. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of the System Dnymics Society (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Priami, C.: Stochastic π–calculus. Computer Journal 6, 578–589 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Milner, R., Parrow, J., Walker, D.: A calculus of mobile processes (i and ii). Information and Computation 100, 1–77 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Phillips, A., Cardelli, L.: A correct abstract machine for the stochastic pi-calculus. In: Bioconcur 2004. ENTCS (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Blossey, R., Cardelli, L., Phillips, A.: Compositionality, stochasticity and cooperativity in dynamic models of gene regulation. HFSP Journal (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gardelli, L., Viroli, M., Omicini, A.: On the role of simulation in the engineering of self-organising systems: Detecting abnormal behaviour in MAS. In: AI*IA/TABOO Joint Workshop (WOA 2005), pp. 85–90 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Regev, A.: Computational Systems Biology: A Calculus for Biomolecular knowledge. PhD thesis, Tel Aviv University (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cardelli, L.: On process rate semantics. Theoretical Computer Science (2008), http://lucacardelli.name/Papers/OnProcessRateSemantics.pdf

  40. Nakrani, S., Tovey, C.: On honey bees and dynamic server allocation in internet hosting centers. Adaptive Behavior 12, 223–240 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Zambonelli, F., Jennings, N., Wooldridge, M.: Developing multiagent systems: the gaia methodology. ACM Trans. on Software Engineering and Methodology 12, 317–370 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Hübner, J.F., Sichman, J.S., Boissier, O.: Moise+: Towards a structural, functional, and deontic model for MAS organization. In: Proc. of the First Int. Joint Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2002), pp. 501–502 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ferber, J., Michel, F., Baez, J.: Agre: Integrating environments with organizations. In: Weyns, D., Van Dyke Parunak, H., Michel, F. (eds.) E4MAS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3374, pp. 48–56. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Lerman, K., Galstyan, A.: Automatically modeling group behavior of simple agents. In: Agent Modeling Workshop, AAMAS 2004, New York, NY (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hoogendoorn, M., Treur, J., Yolum, P.: A labeled graph approach to analyze organizational performance. In: Proceeding of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT 2006), pp. 482–489. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. DeWolf, T., Holvoet, T.: Using UML 2 activity diagrams to design information flows and feedback-loops in self-organising emergent systems. In: Proc. of the Sec. Int. Workshop on Engineering Emergence in Decentralised Autonomic Systems (EEDAS 2007) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hoogendoorn, M., Schut, M.C., Treur, J.: Modeling decentralized organizational change in honeybee societies. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Complex Systems, NECSI (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Viroli, M., Omicini, A.: Process-algebraic approaches for multi-agent systems: an overview. Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing 16, 69–75 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Tofts, C.: Describing social insect behavior using process algebra. Transactions of the society for Computer Simulation, 227–383 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Cossentino, M., Gaglio, S., Garro, A., Seidita, V.: Method fragments for agent design methodologies: from standardisation to research. Int. J. Agent-Oriented Software Engineering 1, 91–121 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Renz, W., Sudeikat, J. (2009). Modeling Feedback within MAS: A Systemic Approach to Organizational Dynamics. In: Vouros, G., Artikis, A., Stathis, K., Pitt, J. (eds) Organized Adaption in Multi-Agent Systems. OAMAS 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5368. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02377-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02377-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-02376-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-02377-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics