Skip to main content

An Approach for Creating and Blending Synthetic Facial Expressions of Emotion

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 5773))

Abstract

We introduce a physically-based facial animation system for natural-looking emotional expressions. Our system enables creation of simple facial expressions using Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and complex facial expressions by blending existing expressions. We propose a method for blending facial actions, based on a parameterization that combines elements of FACS and MPEG-4 standard. We explore the complex expression space by examining the blends of basic emotions produced with our model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Niewiadomski, R., Ochs, M., Pelachaud, C.: Expressions of empathy in ECAs. In: IVA, 37–44 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Raouzaiou, A., Tsapatsoulis, N., Kollias, S.: Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2002(10), 1021–1038 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Arya, A., DiPaola, S., Parush, A.: Perceptually valid facial expressions for character-based applications. International Journal of Computer Games Technology (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Paradiso, A.: An algebra for combining MPEG-4 compliant facial animations. In: Proc. Int. Workshop Lifelike Animated Agents: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Martin, J.-C., Niewiadomski, R., Devillers, L., Buisine, S., Pelachaud, C.: Multimodal complex emotions: Gesture expressivity and blended facial expressions. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 3(3), 269–291 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ekman, P., Davidson, R.J., Friesen, W.V.: The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58(2), 342–353 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ostermann, J.: Animation of synthetic faces in MPEG-4. In: CA 1998: Proceedings of the Computer Animation, DC, USA, p. 49. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Deng, Z., Neumann, U., Lewis, J.P., Kim, T.-Y., Bulut, M., Narayanan, S.: Expressive facial animation synthesis by learning speech coarticulation and expression spaces. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12(6), 1523–1534 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pelachaud, C., Badler, N.I., Steedman, M.: Generating facial expressions for speech. Cognitive Science 20(1), 1–46 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mäkäräinen, M.: Expressions of emotion on an animated face model. Master’s thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, Y., Prakash, E.C., Sung, E.: Face alive. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 15(2), 125–160 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., Hager, J.C.: Facial Action Coding System: The Manual. A Human Face, 666 Malibu Drive, Salt Lake City UT 84107, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  13. ISO/IEC 14496-2:1999: Coding of audio-visual objects, Part 2: Visual

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., Hager, J.C.: Facial Action Coding System: Investigator’s Guide. A Human Face, 666 Malibu Drive, Salt Lake City UT 84107, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mäkäräinen, M., Takala, T. (2009). An Approach for Creating and Blending Synthetic Facial Expressions of Emotion. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5773. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04379-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04380-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics