Abstract
In this paper, we mainly present the implementation of a system that translates first order logic (FOL) formulas into natural language (NL) sentences. The motivation comes from an intelligent tutoring system teaching logic as a knowledge representation language, where it is used as a means for feedback to the students-users. FOL to NL conversion is achieved by using a rule-based approach, where we exploit the pattern matching capabilities of rules. So, the system consists of rule-based modules corresponding to the phases of our translation methodology. Facts are used in a lexicon providing lexical and grammatical information that helps in producing the NL sentences. The whole system is implemented in Jess, a java-implemented rule-based programming tool. Experimental results confirm the success of our choices.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Genesereth, M.R., Nilsson, N.J.: Logical foundations of AI. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1988)
Brachman, R.J., Levesque, H.J.: Knowledge representation and reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2004)
Reiter, E., Dale, R.: Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006)
Burke, D.A., Johannisson, K.: Translating Formal Software Specifications to Natural Language. In: Blache, P., Stabler, E.P., Busquets, J.V., Moot, R. (eds.) LACL 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3492, pp. 51–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Pau, R., Cabot, J.: Paraphrasing OCL expressions with SBVR. In: Kapetanios, E., Sugumaran, V., Spiliopoulou, M. (eds.) NLDB 2008. LNCS, vol. 5039, pp. 311–316. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
de Aldana, E.R.V. An application for translation of Spanish sentences into first order logic implemented in prolog (1999), http://aracne.usal.es/congress/PDF/
Fuchs, N.E., Schwertel, U., Torge, S.: Controlled natural language can replace first order logic. In: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 1999), pp. 295–298 (1999), http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/groups/req/ftp/papers/ASE99.pdf
Pease, A., Fellbaum, C.: Language to logic translation with PhraseBank. In: Proceedings of the Second Global Conference (GWC 2004), pp. 187–192 (2004)
Theune, M., Faas, S., Nijholt, A., Heylen, D.: The Virtual Storyteller: Story Creation by Intelligent Agents. In: Gobel, S., Braum, N., Spierling, U., Dechau, J., Diener, H. (eds.) Proceedings of TIDSE 2003: Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment, pp. 204–215. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag (2003)
Varges, S.: Overgenerating Referring Expressions Involving Relations and Booleans. In: Belz, A., Evans, R., Piwek, P. (eds.) INLG 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3123, pp. 171–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Strauss, M., Kipp, M.: ERIC: A Generic Rule-based Framework for an Affective Embodied Commentary Agent. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AA-MAS 2008), pp. 97–104 (2008)
Zhu, J.: An NLG System Generates English From First-order Predicate Logic, MSc Project, Computer Science Department Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA (2006), http://www.cs.odu.edu/~gpd/msprojects/jzhu.1/ms_project_report.doc
Mpagouli, A., Hatzilygeroudis, I.: A Knowledge-based System for Translating FOL Formulas into NL Sentences. In: Iliadis, L., Vlahavas, I., Bramer, M. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations III, Proceedings of the 5th IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI 2009), pp. 157–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Friedman Hill, E.: Jess in action: rule-based systems in Java. Manning Publishing (2003)
Forgy, C.L.: Rete: A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/ Many Object Pattern Match Problem. Artificial Intelligence 19, 17–37 (1982)
Spivey, J.M.: Understanding Z: A Specification Language and its Formal Semantics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mpagouli, A., Hatzilygeroudis, I. (2009). A Rule-Based System Implementing a Method for Translating FOL Formulas into NL Sentences. In: Governatori, G., Hall, J., Paschke, A. (eds) Rule Interchange and Applications. RuleML 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5858. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04985-9_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04985-9_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04984-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04985-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)