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Handbook of Conceptual Modeling pp 381–419Cite as

Evolution and Migration of Information Systems

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Abstract

Modernisation of information systems is a fundamental but sometimes neglected aspect of conceptual modelling. The management of evolution, migration and refinement and the ability for information systems to deal with modernisation is an essential component in developing and maintaining truly useful systems that minimise service disruption and down time and maximise availability of data and applications. Many approaches to handling evolution and migration have been proposed in various areas of data management. Most of them are rather informal descriptions of the project management of either evolution management or migration management. Typical problems that have been considered are modelling and management of evolution and migration; handling of changes and versioning; managing information system upgrades and schema changes; semantics of modernisation in time and space; handling changes in metadata, schema evolution, migration and versioning; change detection, monitoring and mining.

This chapter provides a systematic inside look at the first two problems. We show that migration and evolution are interwoven aspects. Three migration strategies (big bang, chicken little, butterfly) can be based on systematic evolution steps. Evolution steps use the theory of model suites. An information system is specified by models such as the database structure model, the view model, the functionality model and the interaction model. Model suites thus support the co-evolution of models during system evolution and migration. We restrict migration and evolution to model aspects. The theory, technics and methodology can, however, be extended to database or information base evolution and migration by the derivation of corresponding support functions based on mappings among the models.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This chapter considers mainly changes in information system models. We do not consider changes in databases themselves.

  2. 2.

    \( \Cup \) denotes the generalised union of models, \( \curlyvee \) denotes the separatability or divergency of models, and \( \Join \) denotes the generalised join.

  3. 3.

    The Baldwin effect is observed for the genotype after the phenotype is changed through a learning process.

  4. 4.

    Data access in the butterfly migration approach is similar to computer caches: data can be available in the cache (here: \( \textit{TDS} \)) or on the storage device (here: read-only database).

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Author notes

  1. Meike Klettke

    Present address: Computer Science Institute, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Str. 21, 18051, Rostock, Germany

  2. Bernhard Thalheim

    Present address: Inst. Informatik, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

    Authors
    1. Meike Klettke
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    2. Bernhard Thalheim
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    Corresponding authors

    Correspondence to Meike Klettke or Bernhard Thalheim .

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. , Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, USA

      David W. Embley

    2. Institut für Informatik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, 24098, Germany

      Bernhard Thalheim

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    Klettke, M., Thalheim, B. (2011). Evolution and Migration of Information Systems. In: Embley, D., Thalheim, B. (eds) Handbook of Conceptual Modeling. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15865-0_12

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15865-0_12

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