Abstract
We revisit the complexity of the model checking problem for formulas of linear-time temporal logic (LTL). We show that the classic PSPACE-hardness result is actually limited to a subclass of the Kripke frames, which is characterized by a simple structural condition: the model checking problem is only PSPACE-hard if there exists a strongly connected component with two distinct cycles. If no such component exists, the problem is in coNP. If, additionally, the model checking problem can be decomposed into a polynomial number of finite path checking problems, for example if the frame is a tree or a directed graph with constant depth, or the frame has an SCC graph of constant depth, then the complexity reduces further to NC.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Artho, C., Barringer, H., Goldberg, A., Havelund, K., Khurshid, S., Lowry, M., Pasareanu, C., Rosu, G., Sen, K., Visser, W., Washington, R.: Combining test case generation and runtime verification. Theoretical Computer Science 336(2-3), 209–234 (2005)
Baker, T.P.: The cyclic executive model and ada. The Journal of Real-Time Systems 1, 120–129 (1989)
Bauland, M., Mundhenk, M., Schneider, T., Schnoor, H., Schnoor, I., Vollmer, H.: The tractability of model-checking for ltl: The good, the bad, and the ugly fragments. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 231, 277–292 (2009)
Bauland, M., Schneider, T., Schnoor, H., Schnoor, I., Vollmer, H.: The complexity of generalized satisfiability for linear temporal logic. Logical Methods in Computer Science 5(1) (2009)
Benedikt, M., Libkin, L., Neven, F.: Logical definability and query languages over ranked and unranked trees. ACM Trans. Comput. Log. 8(2) (2007)
Buss, S.R.: The boolean formula value problem is in ALOGTIME. In: STOC, pp. 123–131. ACM, New York (1987)
Demri, S., Laroussinie, F., Schnoebelen, P.: A parametric analysis of the state-explosion problem in model checking. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 72(4), 547–575 (2006)
Demri, S., Schnoebelen, P.: The complexity of propositional linear temporal logics in simple cases. Inf. Comput. 174(1), 84–103 (2002)
Havelund, K., Roşu, G.: Monitoring programs using rewriting. In: ASE, pp. 135–143. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2001)
Hemaspaandra, E.: The complexity of poor man’s logic. J. Log. Comput. 11(4), 609–622 (2001)
Hemaspaandra, E., Schnoor, H.: On the complexity of elementary modal logics. In: Albers, S., Weil, P. (eds.) STACS. LIPIcs, vol. 1, pp. 349–360. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany (2008)
Kuhtz, L.: Model Checking Finite Paths and Trees. PhD thesis, Universität des Saarlandes (2010)
Kuhtz, L., Finkbeiner, B.: LTL path checking is efficiently parallelizable. In: Albers, S., Marchetti-Spaccamela, A., Matias, Y., Nikoletseas, S., Thomas, W. (eds.) ICALP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5556, pp. 235–246. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Kupferman, O., Vardi, M.Y.: Relating linear and branching model checking. In: PROCOMET, pp. 304–326. Chapman & Hall, New York (1998)
Kučera, A., Strejček, J.: The stuttering principle revisited. Acta Inf. 41(7-8), 415–434 (2005)
Ladner, R.E.: The computational complexity of provability in systems of modal propositional logic. SIAM J. Comput. 6(3), 467–480 (1977)
Lichtenstein, O., Pnueli, A., Zuck, L.D.: The glory of the past. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Logic of Programs, pp. 196–218. Springer, London (1985)
Markey, N., Raskin, J.-F.: Model checking restricted sets of timed paths. In: Gardner, P., Yoshida, N. (eds.) CONCUR 2004. LNCS, vol. 3170, pp. 432–447. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Markey, N., Schnoebelen, P.: Model checking a path (preliminary report). In: Amadio, R.M., Lugiez, D. (eds.) CONCUR 2003. LNCS, vol. 2761, pp. 251–265. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Markey, N., Schnoebelen, P.: Mu-calculus path checking. Inf. Process. Lett. 97(6), 225–230 (2006)
Sistla, A.P., Clarke, E.M.: The complexity of propositional linear temporal logics. J. ACM 32(3), 733–749 (1985)
Younes, H.L.S., Simmons, R.G.: Probabilistic verification of discrete event systems using acceptance sampling. In: Brinksma, E., Larsen, K.G. (eds.) CAV 2002. LNCS, vol. 2404, p. 223. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kuhtz, L., Finkbeiner, B. (2011). Weak Kripke Structures and LTL. In: Katoen, JP., König, B. (eds) CONCUR 2011 – Concurrency Theory. CONCUR 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6901. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23217-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23217-6_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23216-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23217-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)