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International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents

IVA 2011: Intelligent Virtual Agents pp 80–92Cite as

It’s in Their Eyes: A Study on Female and Male Virtual Humans’ Gaze

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 6895))

Abstract

Social psychological research demonstrates that the same behavior might lead to different evaluations depending on whether it is shown by a man or a woman. With a view to design decisions with regard to virtual humans it is relevant to test whether this pattern also applies to gendered virtual humans. In a 2x2 between subjects experiment we manipulated the Rapport Agent’s gaze behavior and its gender in order to test whether especially female agents are evaluated more negatively when they do not show gender specific immediacy behavior and avoid gazing at the interaction partner. Instead of this interaction effect we found two main effects: gaze avoidance was evaluated negatively and female agents were rated more positively than male agents.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, 47048, Duisburg, Germany

    Philipp Kulms & Nicole C. Krämer

  2. Institute for Creative Technologies, 12015 Waterfront Drive, Playa Vista, CA, 90094, USA

    Jonathan Gratch & Sin-Hwa Kang

Authors
  1. Philipp Kulms
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  2. Nicole C. Krämer
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  3. Jonathan Gratch
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  4. Sin-Hwa Kang
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland

    Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson

  2. Bielefeld University, CITEC, P.O. Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany

    Stefan Kopp

  3. Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, 12015 Waterfront Drive, 90094-2536, Playa Vista, CA, USA

    Stacy Marsella

  4. Reykjavik University, CADIA, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland

    Kristinn R. Thórisson

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Kulms, P., Krämer, N.C., Gratch, J., Kang, SH. (2011). It’s in Their Eyes: A Study on Female and Male Virtual Humans’ Gaze. In: Vilhjálmsson, H.H., Kopp, S., Marsella, S., Thórisson, K.R. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6895. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23974-8_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23973-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23974-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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