Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Answer Set Modules for Logical Agents

  • Conference paper
Book cover Datalog Reloaded (Datalog 2.0 2010)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 6702))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Various approaches exist to the application of Answer Set Programming (ASP) in the agent realm. Nonetheless, a controversial point is how to combine answer set modules with the other modules an agent is composed of, considering that an agent can be seen as a set of “capabilities” that in suitable combination produce the overall agent behavior as an emergent behavior. In this paper, we outline a possible fruitful integration of ASP into many agent architectures, by introducing two kinds of modules: one that allows for complex reaction, the other one that allows for reasoning about necessity and possibility.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Baral, C.: Knowledge representation, reasoning and declarative problem solving. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2003)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Anger, C., Schaub, T., Truszczyński, M.: ASPARAGUS – the Dagstuhl Initiative. ALP Newsletter 17(3) (2004), http://asparagus.cs.uni-potsdam.de

  3. Leone, N.: Logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning: From theory to systems and applications. In: Baral, C., Brewka, G., Schlipf, J. (eds.) LPNMR 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4483, p. 1. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Truszczyński, M.: Logic programming for knowledge representation. In: Dahl, V., Niemelä, I. (eds.) ICLP 2007. LNCS, vol. 4670, pp. 76–88. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Gelfond, M.: Answer sets. In: Handbook of Knowledge Representation, ch. 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: Action languages. ETAI, Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (6) (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Baral, C., Gelfond, M.: Reasoning agents in dynamic domains. In: Minker, J. (ed.) Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, pp. 257–279. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Baral, C., McIlraith, S., Son, T.C.: Formulating diagnostic problem solving using an action language with narratives and sensing. In: Proc. of the Int. Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR 2000), pp. 311–322 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Balduccini, M.: Answer Set Based Design of Highly Autonomous, Rational Agents. PhD thesis (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Balduccini, M., Gelfond, M.: The AAA architecture: An overview. In: AAAI Spring Symposium 2008 on Architectures for Intelligent Theory-Based Agents, AITA 2008 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kowalski, R.A., Sadri, F.: From logic programming towards multi-agent systems. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 25(3-4), 391–419 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Gelfond, G., Watson, R.: Modeling cooperative multi-agent systems. In: Costantini, S., Watson, R. (eds.) Proc. of ASP 2007, 4th International Workshop on Answer Set Programming at ICLP 2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. De Vos, M., Vermeir, D.: Extending answer sets for logic programming agents. Annals of Mathematics and Artifical Intelligence, Special Issue on Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems 42(1-3), 103–139 (2004)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Alferes, J.J., Brogi, A., Leite, J.A., Pereira, L.M.: Evolving logic programs. In: Flesca, S., Greco, S., Leone, N., Ianni, G. (eds.) JELIA 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2424, pp. 50–61. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Alferes, J.J., Dell’Acqua, P., Pereira, L.M.: A compilation of updates plus preferences. In: Flesca, S., Greco, S., Leone, N., Ianni, G. (eds.) JELIA 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2424, pp. 62–74. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Baral, C., Gelfond, G., Son, T.C., Pontelli, E.: Using answer set programming to model multi-agent scenarios involving agents’ knowledge about other’s knowledge. In: Proc. of the 9th Int. Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2010), Copyright 2010 by the International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, IFAAMAS (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.: Modeling rational agents within a bdi-architecture. In: Proc. of the Second Intl. Conf. on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 1991), pp. 473–484. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rao, A.S.: Agentspeak(l): BDI agents speak out in a logical computable language. In: Perram, J., Van de Velde, W. (eds.) MAAMAW 1996. LNCS, vol. 1038. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Hindriks, K.V., de Boer, F., van der Hoek, W., Meyer, J.C.: Agent programming in 3APL. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2(4) (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Fisher, M.: Metatem: The story so far. In: Bordini, R.H., Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3862, pp. 3–22. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Subrahmanian, V.S., Bonatti, P., Dix, J., Eiter, T., Kraus, S., Ozcan, F., Ross, R.: Heterogeneous Agent Systems. MIT Press/AAAI Press, Cambridge, MA, USA (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Costantini, S., Tocchio, A.: A logic programming language for multi-agent systems. In: Flesca, S., Greco, S., Leone, N., Ianni, G. (eds.) JELIA 2002. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2424, p. 1. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Costantini, S., Tocchio, A.: The DALI logic programming agent-oriented language. In: Alferes, J.J., Leite, J. (eds.) JELIA 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3229, pp. 685–688. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Kakas, A.C., Mancarella, P., Sadri, F., Stathis, K., Toni, F.: The KGP model of agency. In: Proc. ECAI 2004 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bracciali, A., Demetriou, N., Endriss, U., Kakas, A., Lu, W., Mancarella, P., Sadri, F., Stathis, K., Terreni, G., Toni, F.: The KGP model of agency: Computational model and prototype implementation. In: Priami, C., Quaglia, P. (eds.) GC 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3267, pp. 340–367. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Fisher, M., Bordini, R.H., Hirsch, B., Torroni, P.: Computational logics and agents: a road map of current technologies and future trends. Computational Intelligence Journal 23(1), 61–91 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Kakas, A.C., Kowalski, R.A., Toni, F.: The role of abduction in logic programming. In: Gabbay, D., Hogger, C., Robinson, A. (eds.) Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, vol. 5, pp. 235–324. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Baral, C., Son, T.: Relating theories of actions and reactive control. ETAI (Electronic Transactions of AI) 2(3-4), 211–271 (1998)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Costantini, S., Tocchio, A.: About declarative semantics of logic-based agent languages. In: Baldoni, M., Endriss, U., Omicini, A., Torroni, P. (eds.) DALT 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3904, pp. 106–123. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Costantini, S., Tocchio, A.: DALI: An architecture for intelligent logical agents. In: Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Architectures for Intelligent Theory-Based Agents (AITA 2008). AAAI Spring Symposium Series. AAAI Press, Stanford (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Costantini, S., D’Alessandro, S., Lanti, D., Tocchio, A.: Dali web site, download of the interpreter (2010); With the contribution of many undergraduate and graduate students of Computer Science, L’Aquila

    Google Scholar 

  32. implementations, A.: Web references for some ASP solvers, ASSAT: http://assat.cs.ust.hk ; Ccalc: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/tag/ccalc ; Clasp: http://www.cs.uni-potsdam.de/clasp ; Cmodels: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/tag/cmodels ; DeReS and aspps: http://www.cs.uky.edu/ai/ ; DLV: http://www.dbai.tuwien.ac.at/proj/dlv ; Smodels: http://www.tcs.hut.fi/Software/smodels

  33. Ceri, S., Gottlob, G., Tanca, L.: What you always wanted to know about datalog (and never dared to ask). IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 1(1), 146–166 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Dal Palù, A., Dovier, A., Pontelli, E., Rossi, G.: Answer set programming with constraints using lazy grounding. In: Hill, P.M., Warren, D.S. (eds.) ICLP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5649, pp. 115–129. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Lefèvre, C., Nicolas, P.: A first order forward chaining approach for answer set computing. In: Erdem, E., Lin, F., Schaub, T. (eds.) LPNMR 2009. LNCS, vol. 5753, pp. 196–208. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: The stable model semantics for logic programming. In: Kowalski, R., Bowen, K. (eds.) Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming, pp. 1070–1080. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: Classical negation in logic programs and disjunctive databases. New Generation Computing 9, 365–385 (1991)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Costantini, S.: On the existence of stable models of non-stratified logic programs. J. on Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 6(1-2) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Oikarinen, E.: Modularity in Answer Set Programs. Doctoral dissertation, TKK Dissertations in Information and Computer Science TKK-ICS-D7, Helsinki University of Technology, Faculty of Information and Natural Sciences, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland (2008) ISBN 978-951-22-9581-4

    Google Scholar 

  40. Janhunen, T., Oikarinen, E., Tompits, H., Woltran, S.: Modularity aspects of disjunctive stable models. In: Baral, C., Brewka, G., Schlipf, J. (eds.) LPNMR 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4483, pp. 175–187. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Veith, H., Eiter, T., Eiter, T., Gottlob, G.: Modular logic programming and generalized quantifiers. In: Fuhrbach, U., Dix, J., Nerode, A. (eds.) LPNMR 1997. LNCS, vol. 1265, pp. 290–309. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Dao-Tran, M., Eiter, T., Fink, M., Krennwallner, T.: Modular nonmonotonic logic programming revisited. In: Hill, P.M., Warren, D.S. (eds.) ICLP 2009. LNCS, vol. 5649, pp. 145–159. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  43. Tari, L., Baral, C., Anwar, S.: A language for modular answer set programming: Application to acc tournament scheduling. In: Proc. of the Int. Workshop on Answer Set Programming, ASP 2005. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 142, pp. 277–292 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Balduccini, M.: Modules and signature declarations for a-prolog: Progress report. In: Proc. of the Software Engineering for Answer Set Programming Workshop, SEA 2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Baral, C., Dzifcak, J., Takahashi, H.: Macros, macro calls and use of ensembles in modular answer set programming. In: Etalle, S., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) ICLP 2006. LNCS, vol. 4079, pp. 376–390. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Calimeri, F., Ianni, G.: Template programs for disjunctive logic programming: An operational semantics. AI Communications 19

    Google Scholar 

  47. Faber, W., Woltran, S.: Manifold answer-set programs for meta-reasoning. In: Erdem, E., Lin, F., Schaub, T. (eds.) LPNMR 2009. LNCS, vol. 5753, pp. 115–128. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Gelfond, M.: Logic programming and reasoning with incomplete information. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence 12 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Zhang, Y.: Computational properties of epistemic logic programs. In: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proc. of the 10th Int. Conference (KR 2006), pp. 308–317. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Zhang, Y.: Epistemic reasoning in logic programs. In: Proc. of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2007, pp. 647–652 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  51. El-Khatib, O., Pontelli, E., Son, T.C.: Asp-prolog: a system for reasoning about answer set programs in prolog. In: Proc. of the 10th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning, NMR 2004, pp. 155–163 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Eiter, T., Ianni, G., Schindlauer, R., Tompits, H.: A uniform integration of higher-order reasoning and external evaluations in answer-set programming. In: Proc. of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2005, pp. 90–96 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Costantini, S., Lanzarone, G.A.: A metalogic programming language, pp. 218–233. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1989)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  54. Barklund, J., Dell’Acqua, P., Costantini, S., Lanzarone, G.A.: Reflection principles in computational logic. J. of Logic and Computation 10(6), 743–786 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. Eiter, T., Subrahmanian, V., Pick, G.: Heterogeneous active agents, i: Semantics. Artificial Intelligence 108(1-2), 179–255 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. Luck, M., McBurney, P., Preist, C.: A manifesto for agent technology: Towards next generation computing. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Sytems 9, 203–252 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Fisher, M., Bordini, R.H., Hirsch, B., Torroni, P.: Computational logics and agents: a road map of current technologies and future trends. Computational Intelligence Journal 23(1), 61–91 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  58. Costantini, S., Tocchio, A., Toni, F., Tsintza, P.: A multi-layered general agent model. In: Basili, R., Pazienza, M.T. (eds.) AI*IA 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4733, pp. 121–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  59. Kakas, A.C., Mancarella, P., Sadri, F., Stathis, K., Toni, F.: Declarative agent control. In: Leite, J., Torroni, P. (eds.) CLIMA 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3487, pp. 96–110. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  60. Kowalski, R., Sadri, F.: Towards a unified agent architecture that combines rationality with reactivity. In: Pedreschi, D., Zaniolo, C. (eds.) LID 1996. LNCS, vol. 1154, pp. 135–149. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Costantini, S., Dell’Acqua, P., Tocchio, A.: Expressing preferences declaratively in logic-based agent languages. In: McCarthy, J. (ed.) Proc. of Commonsense 2007, the 8th International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning. AAAI Spring Symposium Series, AAAI Press (2007) a Special Event in Honor, Stanford University (March 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Gabbay, D.M., Smets, P.: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2000); edited collection

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. Blackburn, P., van Benthem, J., Wolter, F.: Handbook of Modal Logic. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006); collection of contributions

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  64. Van Gelder, A., Ross, K.A., Schlipf, J.: The well-founded semantics for general logic programs. Journal of the ACM (3) (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bowen, K.A., Kowalski, R.A.: Amalgamating language and metalanguage in logic programming. In: Clark, K.L., Tärnlund, S.Å. (eds.) Logic Programming, pp. 153–172. Academic Press, London (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Marek, V.W., Truszczyński, M.: Autoepistemic logic. Journal of the ACM 38(3), 587–618 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  67. Marek, V.W., Truszczyński, M.: Computing intersection of autoepistemic expansions. In: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non Monotonic Reasoning, pp. 35–70. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Brewka, G., Eiter, T.: Equilibria in heterogeneous nonmonotonic multi-context systems. In: Proc. of the 22nd Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2007, pp. 385–390 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Nisar, M.A.: Integration of answer set programming modules with logical agents. Master’s thesis, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (2010); Supervisor Prof. Stefania Costantini, University of L’Aquila, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  70. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Declarative problem-solving using the DLV system, pp. 79–103. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Informatica, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Loc. Coppito, I-67010, L’Aquila, Italy

    Stefania Costantini

Authors
  1. Stefania Costantini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK

    Oege de Moor

  2. Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, UK

    Georg Gottlob , Tim Furche  & Andrew Sellers ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Costantini, S. (2011). Answer Set Modules for Logical Agents. In: de Moor, O., Gottlob, G., Furche, T., Sellers, A. (eds) Datalog Reloaded. Datalog 2.0 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6702. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24206-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24206-9_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-24205-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-24206-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation