Skip to main content

Proxemic Feature Recognition for Interactive Robots: Automating Metrics from the Social Sciences

  • Conference paper
Social Robotics (ICSR 2011)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 7072))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

In this work, we discuss a set of metrics for analyzing human spatial behavior (proxemics) motivated by work in the social sciences. Specifically, we investigate individual, attentional, interpersonal, and physiological factors that contribute to social spacing. We demonstrate the feasibility of autonomous real-time annotation of these spatial features during multi-person social encounters. We utilize sensor suites that are non-invasive to participants, are readily deployable in a variety of environments (ranging from an instrumented workspace to a mobile robot platform), and do not interfere with the social interaction itself. Finally, we provide a discussion of the impact of these metrics and their utility in autonomous socially interactive systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hall, E.T.: The Silent Language. Doubleday Co., New York (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hall, E.T.: Handbook for Proxemic Research. American Anthropology Assn., Washington (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Deutsch, R.D.: Spatial Structurings in Everyday Face-to-face Behavior: A Neurocybernetic Model. In: The Association for the Study of Man-Environment Relations, Orangeburg (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mead, R., Atrash, A., Matarić, M.J.: Recognition of Spatial Dynamics for Predicting Social Interaction. In: HRI 2011, Lausanne (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mehrabian, A.: Nonverbal Communication. Aldine Transaction, Piscataway (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  6. McNeill, D.: Gesture and Thought. Chicago University Press, Chicago (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Hall, E.T.: The Hidden Dimension. Doubleday Co., New York (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Argyle, M., Dean, J.: Eye-Contact, Distance, and Affiliation. Sociometry 28, 289–304 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Burgoon, J.K., Stern, L.A., Dillman, L.: Interpersonal Adaptation: Dyadic Interaction Patterns. Cambridge University Press, New York (1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Schöne, H.: Spatial Orientation: The Spatial Control of Behavior in Animals and Man. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1984)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Hayduk, L.A., Mainprize, S.: Personal Space of the Blind. Social Psychology Quarterly 43(2), 216–223 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kennedy, D.P., Gläscher, J., Tyszka, J.M., Adolphs, R.: Personal Space Regulation by the Human Amygdala. Nature Neuroscience 12, 1226–1227 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kendon, A.: Conducting Interaction - Patterns of Behavior in Focused Encounters. Cambridge University Press, New York (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Price, G.H., Dabbs Jr., J.M.: Sex, Setting, and Personal Space: Changes as Children Grow Older. Personal Social Psychology Bulletin 1, 362–363 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Aiello, J.R., Aiello, T.D.: The Development of Personal Space: Proxemic Behavior of Children 6 through 16. Human Ecology 2(3), 177–189 (1974)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Jones, S.E., Aiello, J.R.: Proxemic Behavior of Black and White First-, Third-, and Fifth-Grade Children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 25(1), 21–27 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Aiello, J.R.: Human Spatial Behavior. In: Handbook of Environmental Psychology, ch. 12. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Adams, L., Zuckerman, D.: The Effect of Lighting Conditions on Personal Space Requirements. The Journal of General Psychology 118(4), 335–340 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Geden, E.A., Begeman, A.V.: Personal Space Preferences of Hospitalized Adults. Research in Nursing and Health 4, 237–241 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Evans, G.W., Wener, R.E.: Crowding and Personal Space Invasion on the Train: Please Don’t Make Me Sit in the Middle. Journal of Environmental Psychology 27, 90–94 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Aiello, J.R., Thompson, D.E., Brodzinsky, D.M.: How Funny is Crowding Anyway? Effects of Group Size, Room Size, and the Introduction of Humor. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 4(2), 192–207 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cassell, J., Sullivan, J., Prevost, S., Churchill, E.F.: Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kuzuoka, H., Suzuki, Y., Yamashita, J., Yamazaki, K.: Reconfiguring Spatial Formation Arrangement by Robot Body Orientation. In: HRI 2010, Osaka, pp. 285–292 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Walters, M.L., Dautenhahn, K., Boekhorst, R.T., Koay, K.L., Syrdal, D.S., Nehaniv, C.L.: An Empirical Framework for Human-Robot Proxemics. In: New Frontiers in Human-Robot Interaction, Edinburgh, pp. 144–149 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Huettenrauch, H., Eklundh, K.S., Green, A., Topp, E.A.: Investigating Spatial Relationships in Human-Robot Interaction. In: IROS 2006, Beijing (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mumm, J., Mutlu, B.: Human-Robot Proxemics: Physical and Psychological Distancing in Human-Robot Interaction. In: HRI 2011, Lausanne, pp. 331–338 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Takayama, L., Pantofaru, C.: Influences on Proxemic Behaviors in Human-Robot Interaction. In: IROS 2009, St. Louis (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bailenson, J.N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A.C., Loomis, J.M.: Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments. Presence 10(6), 583–598 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Trautman, P., Krause, A.: Unfreezing the Robot: Navigation in Dense, Interacting Crowds. In: IROS 2010, Taipei (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Feil-Seifer, D.J., Matarić, M.J.: Automated Detection and Classification of Positive vs. Negative Robot Interactions with Children with Autism using Distance-based Features. In: HRI 2011, Lausanne, pp. 323–330 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Oosterhout, T.V., Visser, A.: A Visual Method for Robot Proxemics Measurements. In: HRI 2008 Workshop on Metrics for Human-Robot Interaction, Technical Report 471, Amsterdam (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Jones, S.E., Aiello, J.R.: A Test of the Validity of Projective and Quasi-projective measures of Interpersonal Distance. The Western Journal of Speech Communication 43, 143–152 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Schegloff, E.A.: Body Torque. Social Research 65(3), 535–596 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  34. McNeill, D.: Gesture, Gaze, and Ground. LNCS, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hall, E.T.: A System for Notation of Proxemic Behavior. American Anthropologist 65, 1003–1026 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Sommer, R.: Sociofugal Space. The American Journal of Sociology 72(6), 654–660 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lawson, B.: Sociofugal and Sociopetal Space, The Language of Space. Architectural Press, Oxford (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Low, S.M., Lawrence-Zúñiga, D.: The Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mead, R., Matarić, M.J.: An Experimental Design for Studying Proxemic Behavior in Human-Robot Interaction. Technical Report CRES-11-001, USC Interaction Lab, Los Angeles (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mead, R., Atrash, A., Matarić, M.J.: A Preliminary Validation of Automated Feature Recognition for Proxemic Behavior Analysis. Technical Report CRES-11-002, USC Interaction Lab, Los Angeles (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Morency, L.P., Sidner, C., Lee, C., Darrell, T.: Contextual Recognition of Head Gestures. In: International Conference on Multimodal Interactions, Torento, pp. 18–24 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Mead, R., Atrash, A., Matarić, M.J. (2011). Proxemic Feature Recognition for Interactive Robots: Automating Metrics from the Social Sciences. In: Mutlu, B., Bartneck, C., Ham, J., Evers, V., Kanda, T. (eds) Social Robotics. ICSR 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7072. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25504-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25504-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-25503-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-25504-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics