Introduction
The Portfolio Selection Problem [7] is amongst the most studied issues in finance. In this problem, given a universe of assets (shares, options, bonds, . . . ), we are concerned in finding out a portfolio (i.e., which asset to invest in and by how much) which minimizes the risk while ensuring a given minimum return. In the most common formulation it is required that all the asset shares have to be non-negative. Even though this requirement is a common assumption behind theoretical approaches, it is not enforced in real-markets, where the presence of short positions (i.e., assets with negative shares corresponding to speculations on falling prices) is intertwined to long positions (i.e., assets with positive shares).
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Di Gaspero, L., di Tollo, G., Roli, A., Schaerf, A. (2011). Local Search for Constrained Financial Portfolio Selection Problems with Short Sellings. In: Coello, C.A.C. (eds) Learning and Intelligent Optimization. LION 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6683. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25566-3_34
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