Skip to main content

Abstract

Service Providers in Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) often specify system performance values with the help of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that do not specify details of how the system realizes services. Analytic modeling of SOA to estimate performance values is thus made difficult without knowledge of service rates. Service components are characterized by quantitative requirements in SLAs only, that are not supported by most modeling methods.

We propose a calculus to model and evaluate SOA with quantitative properties described in SLAs. Instead of defining a system by its service capacity we will use flexible constraints on delays as found in SLAs. From these delays approximate service rates to fulfill the delay will be derived.

This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Peltz, C.: Web services orchestration and choreography. Computer, 46–52 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hayes, B.: Cloud computing. Communications of the ACM 51, 9–11 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Trienekens, J.J.M., Bouman, J.J., van der Zwan, M.: Specification of Service Level Agreements: Problems, Principles and Practices. Software Quality Journal 12, 43–57 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bause, F., Buchholz, P., Kriege, J., Vastag, S.: Simulation Based Validation of Quantitative Requirements in Service Oriented Architectures. In: Rossetti, M.D., Hill, R.R., Johansson, B., Dunkin, A., Ingalls, R.G. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1015–1026. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Menasce, D., Almeida, V., Dowdy, L., Dowdy, L.: Performance by design: computer capacity planning by example. Prentice Hall (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Vastag, S.: Modeling quantitative requirements in SLAs with Network Calculus. In: Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methologies and Tools (ValueTools), ENS, Cachan, France, ICST (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cruz, R.: A calculus for network delay, part I: Network elements in isolation. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, 114–131 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Cruz, R.: A calculus for network delay, part II: Network analysis. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, 132–141 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang, C.: Performance guarantees in communication networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications 12, 357–358 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Le Boudec, J.Y., Thiran, P.: Network Calculus - A Theory of Deterministic Queuing Systems for the Internet. LNCS, vol. 4. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Sarjoughian, H., Kim, S., Ramaswamy, M., Yau, S.: A simulation framework for service-oriented computing systems. In: Mason, S.J., Hill, R.R., Mönch, L., Rose, O., Jefferson, T., Fowler, J.W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2008 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 845–853. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Vastag, S.: ProC/B for Networks: Integrated INET Models. In: Müller-Clostermann, B., Echtle, K., Rathgeb, E.P. (eds.) MMB&DFT 2010. LNCS, vol. 5987, pp. 315–318. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Urgaonkar, B., Pacifici, G., Shenoy, P., Spreitzer, M., Tantawi, A.: An analytical model for multi-tier internet services and its applications. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 33, 291–302 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Eckert, J., Schulte, S., Repp, N., Berbner, R., Steinmetz, R.: Queuing-based capacity planning approach for Web service workflows using optimization algorithms. In: Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, DEST 2008, pp. 313–318. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Baccelli, F., Cohen, G., Olsder, G., Quadrat, J.: Synchronization and Linearity. Wiley, New York (1992)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Altman, E., Avrachenkov, K., Barakat, C.: TCP network calculus: The case of large delay-bandwidth product. In: INFOCOM 2002, vol. 1, pp. 417–426. IEEE (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schmitt, J., Zdarsky, F.: The DISCO network calculator: a toolbox for worst case analysis. In: 1st International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodolgies and Tools, pages 8. ACM (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Undheim, A., Jiang, Y., Emstad, P.: Network Calculus approach to router modeling with external measurements. In: Communications and Networking in China, CHINACOM 2007, pp. 276–280. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Fidler, M., Recker, S.: Conjugate Network Calculus: A dual approach applying the Legendre transform. Computer Networks 50, 1026–1039 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Xie, J., Jiang, Y.: A Temporal Network Calculus Approach to Service Guarantee Analysis of Stochastic Networks. In: Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methologies and Tools (ValueTools), ENS, Cachan, France (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Schmitt, J.B., Roedig, U.: Sensor Network Calculus – A Framework for Worst Case Analysis. In: Prasanna, V.K., Iyengar, S.S., Spirakis, P.G., Welsh, M. (eds.) DCOSS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3560, pp. 141–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Touseau, L., Donsez, D., Rudametkin, W.: Towards a SLA-based approach to handle service disruptions. In: Services Computing, SCC 2008, vol. 1, pp. 415–422. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bouillard, A., Gaujal, B., Lagrange, S., Thierry, É.: Optimal routing for end-to-end guarantees using Network Calculus. Performance Evaluation 65, 883–906 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Thiele, L., Chakraborty, S., Naedele, M.: Real-time calculus for scheduling hard real-time systems. In: ISCAS 2000, vol. 4 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chakraborty, S., Künzli, S., Thiele, L.: A general framework for analysing system properties in platform-based embedded system designs. In: Proc. 6th Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), pp. 190–195 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jiang, Y.: Network Calculus and Queueing Theory: Two sides of one coin. ICST ValueTools (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jiang, Y., Liu, Y.: Stochastic Network Calculus. Springer-Verlag New York Inc. (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Eckert, J., Pandit, K., Repp, N., Berbner, R., Steinmetz, R.: Worst-case performance analysis of Web service workflows. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Application & Services (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Molina-Jiménez, C., Pruyne, J., van Moorsel, A.: The Role of Agreements in IT Management Software. In: de Lemos, R., Gacek, C., Romanovsky, A. (eds.) Architecting Dependable Systems III. LNCS, vol. 3549, pp. 36–58. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Liebeherr, J., Fidler, M., Valaee, S.: A min-plus system interpretation of bandwidth estimation. In: 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2007, pp. 1127–1135. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Liebeherr, J., Fidler, M., Valaee, S.: A system-theoretic approach to bandwidth estimation. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 18, 1040–1053 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Vastag, S. (2012). A Calculus for SLA Delay Properties. In: Schmitt, J.B. (eds) Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance. MMB&DFT 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7201. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28539-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28540-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics