Skip to main content

Characterizing Key Developers: A Case Study with Apache Ant

  • Conference paper
Collaboration and Technology (CRIWG 2012)

Abstract

The software architecture of a software system and the coordination efforts necessary to create such system are intrinsically related. Making changes to components that a large number of other components rely on, the technical core, is usually difficult due to the complexity of the coordination of all involved developers. However, a distinct group of developers effectively help evolving the technical core of software projects. This group of developers is called key developers. In this paper we describe a case study involving the Apache Ant project aimed to identify and characterize key developers in terms of their volume of contribution and social participation. Our results indicated that only 25% of the developers may be considered as key developers. Results also showed that key developers are often active in the developers’ mailing list and often fulfilled the coordination requirements that emerged from their development tasks. Finally, we observed that the set of key developers was indistinguishable from the set of top contributors. We expect that this characterization enables further exploration over contribution patterns and the establishment of profiles of FLOSS key developers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 72.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Balieiro, M., de Júnior, S., de Souza, C.: Facilitating Social Network Studies of Floss Using the Ossnetwork Environment. In: Russo, B., Damiani, E., Hissam, S., Lundell, B., Succi, G. (eds.) Open Source Development, Communities and Quality. IFIP, vol. 275, pp. 343–350. Springer, Boston (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_31,10.1007/978-0-387-09684-1_31

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Bass, M., Mikulovic, V., Bass, L., Herbsleb, J., Cataldo, M.: Architectural misalignment: An experience report. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture, WICSA 2007, p. 17. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA.2007.12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Burton, R.M., Obel, B.: Strategic Organizational Diagnosis and Design: The Dynamics of Fit, 3rd edn. Information and Organization Design Series. Springer (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cataldo, M.: Dependencies in geographically distributed software development: over-coming the limits of modularity. Ph.D. thesis, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2007), aAI3292617

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cataldo, M., Wagstrom, P., Herbsleb, J.D., Carley, K.M.: Identification of coordina-tion requirements: implications for the design of collaboration and awareness tools. In: Hinds, P.J., Martin, D. (eds.) CSCW, pp. 353–362. ACM (2006), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1180875.1180929

  6. Conway, M.: How do committees invent. Datamation 14(4), 28–31 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Costa, J.M., Cataldo, M., de Souza, C.R.: The scale and evolution of coordination needs in large-scale distributed projects: implications for the future generation of collabo-rative tools. In: Proc. of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2011, pp. 3151–3160. ACM (2011), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1978942.1979409

  8. Crowston, K., Wei, K., Li, Q., Howison, J.: Core and periphery in free/libre and open source software team communications. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2006, p. 118. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2006.101

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Gall, H., Hajek, K., Jazayeri, M.: Detection of logical coupling based on product re-lease history. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance, ICSM 1998, p. 190. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (1998), http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=850947.853338

    Google Scholar 

  10. Grinter, R.E.: Systems architecture: product designing and social engineering. SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 24(2), 11–18 (1999), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/295666.295668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Levine, J.M., Moreland, R.L.: Progress in small group research. Annual Review of Psychology 41(1), 585–634 (1990), http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.003101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. McGrath, J.E.: Dilemmatics: The study of research choices and dilemmas. American Behavioral Scientist 25(2), 179–210 (1981), http://abs.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/000276428102500205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mockus, A., Fielding, R.T., Herbsleb, J.D.: Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and mozilla. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 11, 309–346 (2002), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/567793.567795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakakoji, K., Yamamoto, Y., Nishinaka, Y., Kishida, K., Ye, Y.: Evolution patterns of open-source software systems and communities. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Principles of Software Evolution, IWPSE 2002, pp. 76–85. ACM, New York (2002), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/512035.512055

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Newman, M.: Networks: An Introduction, 1st edn. Oxford University Press (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Oezbek, C., Prechelt, L., Thiel, F.: The onion has cancer: some social network analysis visualizations of open source project communication. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Free/Libre/Open Source Software Research and Development, FLOSS 2010, pp. 5–10. ACM, New York (2010), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1833272.1833274

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Parnas, D.L.: On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules. Commun. ACM 15, 1053–1058 (1972), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/361598.361623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Robles, G., Gonzalez-Barahona, J.: Contributor Turnover in Libre Software Projects. In: Damiani, E., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., Scotto, M., Succi, G. (eds.) Open Source Systems. IFIP, vol. 203, pp. 273–286. Springer, Boston (2006), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34226-5_28,10.1007/0-387-34226-5_28

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Robles, G., Gonzalez-Barahona, J.M., Herraiz, I.: Evolution of the core team of developers in libre software projects. In: Proceedings of the 2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2009, pp. 167–170. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2009.5069497

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Robson, C.: Real World Research, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Santana, F., Oliva, G., de Souza, C.R.B., Gerosa, M.A.: Xflow: An extensible tool for empirical analysis of software systems evolution. In: Proceedings of the VIII Experimental Software Engineering Latin American Workshop, ESELAW 2011 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. de Souza, C., Froehlich, J., Dourish, P.: Seeking the source: software source code as a social and technical artifact. In: Proc. of the 2005 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work, GROUP 2005, pp. 197–206. ACM (2005), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1099203.1099239

  23. de Souza, C.R., Quirk, S., Trainer, E., Redmiles, D.F.: Supporting collaborative software development through the visualization of socio-technical dependencies. In: Proc. of the 2007 International ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work, GROUP 2007, pp. 147–156. ACM (2007), http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1316624.1316646

  24. Souza, C.R., Redmiles, D.F.: On the roles of apis in the coordination of collaborative software development. Comput. Supported Coop. Work 18(5-6), 445–475 (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-009-9101-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Staudenmayer, N.A.: Managing multiple interdependencies in large scale software development projects. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Terceiro, A., Rios, L.R., Chavez, C.: An empirical study on the structural complexity introduced by core and peripheral developers in free software projects. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering, SBES 2010. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2010), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109SBES.2010.26

    Google Scholar 

  27. Valetto, G., Helander, M., Ehrlich, K., Chulani, S., Wegman, M., Williams, C.: Using software repositories to investigate socio-technical congruence in development projects. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories, MSR 2007, p. 25. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2007), http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSR.2007.33

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Yin, R.K.: Case study research: Design and methods, 3rd edn. Sage Publications (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Oliva, G.A., Santana, F.W., de Oliveira, K.C.M., de Souza, C.R.B., Gerosa, M.A. (2012). Characterizing Key Developers: A Case Study with Apache Ant. In: Herskovic, V., Hoppe, H.U., Jansen, M., Ziegler, J. (eds) Collaboration and Technology. CRIWG 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7493. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33284-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33284-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-33283-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-33284-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics