Skip to main content

Achieving the Illusion of Agency

  • Conference paper
Book cover Interactive Storytelling (ICIDS 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 7648))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Games with a strong notion of story are increasingly popular. With the increased amount of story content associated with games where player decisions significantly change the course of the game (branching games), comes an increase in the effort required to author those games. Despite the increased popularity of these kinds of games, it is unclear if a typical player is able to appreciate the rich content of these games, since any given player typically only experiences a small amount of that content. We create a non-branching game that simulates branching choices by providing players with choices followed by immediate textual feedback. We hypothesize that this game, where player decisions do not significantly change the course of the game, will maintain the player’s sense of agency. Experimentation showed that in a text-based story with forced-choice points there were in most cases no significant difference in players’ reported feelings of agency when they experience a branching story vs. a linear story with explicit acknowledgement of their choices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Barber, H., Kudenko, D.: Dynamic generation of dilemma-based interactive narratives. In: Proceedings of The Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment Conference, pp. 2–7 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bruckman, A.: The combinatorics of storytelling: Mystery train interactive, Interactive Cinema Group internal paper, MIT Media Lab (Available by contacting the Interactive Cinema Group of the MIT Media Lab at the author’s address) (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Charles, F., Cavazza, M.: Exploring the scalability of character-based storytelling. In: Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 872–879. IEEE Computer Society (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fairclough, C.: Story Games and the OPIATE System. PhD thesis, University of Dublin - Trinity College (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Games. L.A. Noire. [CD-ROM] (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Harrell, D.F., Zhu, J.: Agency Play: Dimensions of Agency for Interactive Narrative Design. In: Proceedings of the AAAI 2009 Spring Symposium on Intelligent Narrative Technologies II, pp. 44–52 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Laurel, B.: Towards the design of a computer-based interactive fantasy system. PhD thesis, Ohio State University (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Likert, R.: A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology 140, 1–55 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Magerko, B.: Player Modeling in the Interactive Drama Architecture. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mateas, M.: A preliminary poetics for interactive drama and games. Digital Creativity 12(3), 140–152 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Murray, J.H.: Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. MIT Press (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Softworks. Fallout: New Vegas. [CD-ROM] (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Szilas, N.: Idtension: a narrative engine for interactive drama. In: Proceedings of the Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment (TIDSE) Conference, pp. 187–203 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Thompson, S., Armstrong, W., Thomas, C.: Illusions of control, underestimations, and accuracy: A control heuristic explanation. Psychological Bulletin 123(2), 143 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Thue, D.: Player-informed Interactive Storytelling. Master’s thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Thue, D., Bulitko, V., Spetch, M., Romanuik, T.: A Computational Model of Perceived Agency in Video Gamesz. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tomaszewski, Z., Binsted, K.: Demeter: An implementation of the marlinspike interactive drama system. In: AAAI Symposium on Intelligent Narrative Technologies II, pp. 133–136 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wardrip-Fruin, N., Mateas, M., Dow, S., Sali, S.: Agency Reconsidered. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Digital Games Research Association Conference (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wilcoxon, F.: Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin 1(6), 80–83 (1945)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Young, R.M., Cardona-Rivera, R.E.: Approaching a Player Model of Game Story Comprehension Through Affordance in Interactive Narrative. In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Intelligent Narrative Technologies, pp. 123–130 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fendt, M.W., Harrison, B., Ware, S.G., Cardona-Rivera, R.E., Roberts, D.L. (2012). Achieving the Illusion of Agency. In: Oyarzun, D., Peinado, F., Young, R.M., Elizalde, A., MĂ©ndez, G. (eds) Interactive Storytelling. ICIDS 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7648. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34851-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34850-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34851-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics