Abstract
We surveyed the latency of upper DNS hierarchy from 19593 vantage points around the world to investigate the impact of uneven distribution of top level DNS servers on end-user latency. Our findings included: 1) generally top level DNS servers served Internet users efficiently, with median latency 20.26ms for root, 42.64ms for .com/.net, 39.07ms for .org; 2) quality of service was uneven, Europe and North America were the best while Africa and South America were 3 to 6 times worse; 3) most of the root servers performed well in Europe and North America, but only F, J, L roots showed low query latency in other continents; 4) query latency of F and L roots showed that only about 60 resolvers were routed to the nearest anycast instances. We also revealed two problems that lead to constantly large query latency (6s~18s) for resolvers. One was buggy implementation of some resolvers on IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack hosts, the other was misconfigured middle-boxes that filtered large or fragmented DNSSEC packets.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
The (very) uneven distribution of DNS root servers on the internet, http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/05/07/the-very-uneven-distribution-of-dns-root-servers-on-the-internet/
Ballani, H., Francis, P., Ratnasamy, S.: A measurement based deployment proposal for ip anycast. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, IMC 2006, pp. 231–244. ACM, New York (2006)
Brownlee, N., Claffy, K., Nemeth, E.: DNS root/gtld performance measurements. In: USENIX LISA, San Diego, CA (2001)
Fan, X., Heidemann, J., Govindan, R.: Identifying and characterizing anycast in the domain name system. Tech. rep. (2011)
Gummadi, K.P., Saroiu, S., Gribble, S.D.: King: estimating latency between arbitrary internet end hosts. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement, IMW 2002, pp. 5–18. ACM, New York (2002)
Lee, B.S., Tan, Y.S., Sekiya, Y., Narishige, A., Date, S.: Availability and effectiveness of root DNS servers: A long term study. In: 2010 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), pp. 862–865 (April 2010)
Lee, T., Huffaker, B., Fomenkov, M., et al.: On the problem of optimization of DNS root servers’ placement (2003)
Liston, R., Srinivasan, S., Zegura, E.: Diversity in DNS performance measures. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurment, IMW 2002, pp. 19–31. ACM, New York (2002)
Sarat, S., Pappas, V., Terzis, A.: On the use of anycast in DNS. In: Proceedings.15th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2006, pp. 71–78 (October 2006)
Wessels, D., Fomenkov, M., Brownlee, N., Claffy, K.: Measurements and Laboratory Simulations of the Upper DNS Hierarchy. In: Barakat, C., Pratt, I. (eds.) PAM 2004. LNCS, vol. 3015, pp. 147–157. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Yu, Y., Cai, J., Osterweil, E., Zhang, L.: Measuring the placement of DNS servers in top-level-domain
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liang, J., Jiang, J., Duan, H., Li, K., Wu, J. (2013). Measuring Query Latency of Top Level DNS Servers. In: Roughan, M., Chang, R. (eds) Passive and Active Measurement. PAM 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7799. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36516-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36516-4_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-36515-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-36516-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)