Abstract
When agents are integrated in a game engine for embodiment in a virtual environment, perception often leads to performance issues due to the lack of control over the sensing process. In previous work a perception framework was proposed within CIGA, a middleware facilitating the coupling between a multiagent system and a game engine. It allowed agents to have control over the flow of sensory information generated in their embodiment. In this paper we continue this work by presenting performance optimizations within this framework. Here, the computational complexity of the sensing process in the game engine can be controlled by an agent itself, allowing it to deal with more complex environments. Additionally we provide an overall performance analysis of the framework.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adobbati, R., Marshall, A.N., Scholer, A., Tejada, S.: Gamebots: A 3d virtual world test-bed for multi-agent research. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Infrastructure for Agents, MAS, and Scalable MAS (2001)
Behrens, T., Hindriks, K., Dix, J.: Towards an environment interface standard for agent platforms. Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, 1–35 (2010)
Chang, P.H.-M., Chen, K.-T., Chien, Y.-H., Kao, E., Soo, V.-W.: From Reality to Mind: A Cognitive Middle Layer of Environment Concepts for Believable Agents. In: Weyns, D., Van Dyke Parunak, H., Michel, F. (eds.) E4MAS 2004. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3374, pp. 57–73. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Endsley, M.: Designing for Situation Awareness: An Approach to User-Centered Design. Taylor & Francis (2003)
Evertsz, R., Pedrotti, M., Busetta, P., Acar, H., Ritter, F.: Populating VBS2 with realistic virtual actors. In: Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation, pp. 1–8 (2009)
Gemrot, J., Brom, C., Plch, T.: A periphery of pogamut: From bots to agents and back again. In: Dignum, F. (ed.) Agents for Games and Simulations II. LNCS, vol. 6525, pp. 19–37. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Grimaldo, F., Lozano, M., Barber, F., Vigueras, G.: Simulating socially intelligent agents in semantic virtual environments. Knowledge Engineering Review 23, 369–388 (2008)
Herrero, P., Greenhalgh, C., Antonio, A.: Modelling the sensory abilities of intelligent virtual agents. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 11(3), 361–385 (2005)
Leonard, T.: Building an AI Sensory System: Examining the design of Thief: The Dark Project. In: Game Developers Conference (GDC 2003) (2003)
Maes, P.: Modeling adaptive autonomous agents. Artificial Life 1(1-2), 135–162 (1994)
Peters, C., Castellano, G., Rehm, M., André, E., Raouzaiou, A., Rapantzikos, K., Karpouzis, K., Volpe, G., Camurri, A., Vasalou, A.: Fundamentals of agent perception and attention modelling. In: Cowie, R., Pelachaud, C., Petta, P. (eds.) Emotion-Oriented Systems, pp. 293–319. Cognitive Technologies (2011)
Reynolds, C.: Interaction with groups of autonomous characters. In: Proceedings of Game Developers Conference, San Fransisco, CA, pp. 449–460. CMP Game Media Group (2000)
Riedl, M.O.: Towards Integrating AI Story Controllers and Game Engines: Reconciling World State Representations. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IJCAI Workshop on Reasoning, Representation and Learning in Computer Games (2005)
So, R., Sonenberg, L.: The roles of active perception in intelligent agent systems. In: Lukose, D., Shi, Z. (eds.) PRIMA 2005. LNCS, vol. 4078, pp. 139–152. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Hindriks, K.V., van Riemsdijk, B., Behrens, T., Korstanje, R., Kraayenbrink, N., Pasman, W., de Rijk, L.: Unreal Goal Bots. In: Dignum, F. (ed.) Agents for Games and Simulations II. LNCS, vol. 6525, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
van der Vecht, B.: Adjustable Autonomy: Controling Influences on Decision Making. PhD thesis, University of Utrecht (2009)
van Oijen, J., Dignum, F.: Scalable Perception for BDI-Agents Embodied in Virtual Environments. In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, WI-IAT 2011, vol. 02, pp. 46–53. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2011)
van Oijen, J., Vanhée, L., Dignum, F.: CIGA: A Middleware for Intelligent Agents in Virtual Environments. In: Beer, M., Brom, C., Dignum, F., Soo, V.-W. (eds.) AEGS 2011. LNCS, vol. 7471, pp. 22–37. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Weyns, D., Steegmans, E., Holvoet, T.: Towards active perception in situated multi-agent systems. Applied Artificial Intelligence 18(9-10), 867–883 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
van Oijen, J., La Poutré, H., Dignum, F. (2013). Agent Perception within CIGA: Performance Optimizations and Analysis. In: Müller, J.P., Cossentino, M. (eds) Agent-Oriented Software Engineering XIII. AOSE 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7852. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39866-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39866-7_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39865-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39866-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)