Abstract
The application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is hindered by the limited energy budget available for the member nodes. Energy aware solutions have been proposed for all tasks involved in WSNs, such as processing, routing, cluster formation and communication. With communication being responsible for a large part of the energetic demand of WSNs energy efficient communication is paramount. The application of MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) techniques in WSNs emerges as a efficient alternative for long range communications, however, MIMO communication require precise synchronization in order to achieve good performance. In this paper the problem of transmission synchronization for WSNs employing Cooperative MIMO is studied, the main problems and limitations are highlighted and a synchronization method is proposed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akyildiz, I., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Cayirci, E.: Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Computer Networks 38, 393–422 (2002)
Dietrich, I., Dressler, F.: On the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 5 (2009)
Cho, S., Chandrakasan, A.: Energy-efficient protocols for low duty cycle wireless microsensor. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2000)
Lettieri, P., Srivastava, M.B.: Adaptive frame length control for improving wireless link throughput, range and energy efficiency. In: INFOCOM 1998, Proceedings of IEEESeventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (1998)
Ganesan, D., Govindan, R., Shenker, S., Estrin, D.: Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath routing in wireless sensor networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 5(4), 1125 (2001)
Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-efficient communication protocol forwireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2000)
Weiser, M., Welch, B., Demers, A., Shenker, S.: Scheduling for reduced cpu energy. In: Proceedings of 1st USENIX Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation, pp. 13–23 (November 1994)
Shih, E., Calhoun, B.H., Cho, S., Chandrakasan, A.P.: Energy-efficient link layer for wireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings. IEEE Computer Society Workshop on VLSI (2001)
Shih, E., Cho, S., Ickes, N., Min, R., Sinha, A., Wang, A.C.A.: Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of ACM MobiCom 2001 (2001)
Chen, C., Ma, J., Yu, K.: Designing energy-efficient wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. In: Sensys 2006 (2006)
Bravos, G.N., Kanatas, A.G.: Combining MIMO and Multihop Based Transmissions on Energy Efficient Sensor Networks. In: Procedings of the Program for European Wireless (2007)
Cui, S., Goldsmith, A.J.: Energy-efficiency of mimo and cooperative mimo techniques in sensor networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (2004)
de Freitas, E.P., da Costa, J.P.C.L., de Almeida, A.L.F., Marinho, M.: Applying MIMO techniques to minimize energy consumption for long distances communications in wireless sensor networks. In: Andreev, S., Balandin, S., Koucheryavy, Y. (eds.) NEW2AN/ruSMART 2012. LNCS, vol. 7469, pp. 379–390. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Marinho, M.A.M., de Freitas, E.P., da Costa, J.P.C.L., de Almeida, A.L.F., de Sousa Jr., R.T.: Using mimo techniques to enhance communication among static and mobile nodes in wireless sensor networks (2013)
Marinho, M.A.M., de Freitas, E.P., da Costa, J.P.C.L., de Almeida, A.L.F., de Sousa Jr., R.T.: Using cooperative mimo techniques and uav relay networks to support connectivity in sparse wireless sensor networks (2013)
Wolniansky, P.W., Foschini, G.J., Golden, G.D., Valenzuela, R.A.: V-BLAST: An architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel. In: Signals, Systems and Electronics (1998)
Biguesh, M., Gershman, A.B.: Training-based MIMO channel estimation: A study of estimator tradeoffs and optimal training signals. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 54, 884–893 (2006)
Trepkowski, R.: Channel estimation strategies for coded MIMO systems. Master’s thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Jafarkhani, H.: A Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code. IEEE Transactions on Communications 49 (2001)
Alamouti, S.M.: A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16 (1998)
Ganeriwal, S., Ganesan, D., Shim, H., Tsiatsis, V., Srivastava, B.: Estimating clock uncertainty for efficient duty-cycling in sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Sensys (2005)
Lucarelli, D., Wang, I.-J.: Decentralized synchronization protocols with nearest neighbor communication. In: Proceedings of the Sensys (2004)
Wener-Allen, G., Tewari, G., Patel, A., Welsh, M., Nagpal, R.: Firefly inspired sensor network synchronicity with realistic radio effects. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Sensys (2005)
Ganeriwal, S., Kumar, R., Srivastava, M.: Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the Sensys (2003)
Mannermaa, J., Kalliomaki, K., Mansten, T., Turunen, S.: Timing performance of varios gps receivers. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Joint Meeting of the European Frequency and Time Forum and the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (1999)
Elson, J., Girod, L., Estrin, D.: Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (2002)
Schmidt, R.O.: Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, 276–280 (1986)
Roy, R., Kailath, T.: ESPRIT - estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariance techniques. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing 17 (1989)
Selva-Vera, J.: Subspace Methods to Multipath Mitigation in a Navigation Receiver. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC (1999)
Zhu, N., Du, W., Navarro, D., Mieyeville, F., Connor, I.O.: High data rate wireless sensor networks research. Technical Report
Lanzisera, S., Mehta, A.M., Pister, K.S.J.: Reducing average power in wireless sensor networks through data rate adaptation. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 480–485 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Marinho, M.A.M., de Freitas, E.P., da Costa, J.P.C.L., de Sousa Júnior, R.T. (2013). Synchronization for Cooperative MIMO in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Balandin, S., Andreev, S., Koucheryavy, Y. (eds) Internet of Things, Smart Spaces, and Next Generation Networking. ruSMART NEW2AN 2013 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8121. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40316-3_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40316-3_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40315-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40316-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)