Skip to main content

Off-Chip SDRAM Access Through Spidergon STNoC

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover VLSI 2010 Annual Symposium

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 105))

  • 573 Accesses

Abstract

External memory access in MPSoCs becomes more challenging with the growing requirements for high bandwidth and low latency. We propose a novel method for optimizing external memory access in term of latency for NoC-based MPSoCs. Our approach considers the off-chip memory access within a system approach: from the initiators to the memory modules through the NoC-based interconnect. We couple QoS of both NoC and memory scheduler in order to guarantee continued services throughout the request and the response paths, between the masters and the SDRAM modules. We study the influence of low-priority requests over high-priority requests. We also analyze the influence of the number of the conflict points inside the NoC over high-priority requests latency. We compare the use of virtual channels with the physical direct connection to map latency-sensitive IPs requests towards the memory subsystem, and demonstrate that both solutions are equivalent in term of memory access latency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Multi Processor System on Chip.

  2. 2.

    System on Chip.

  3. 3.

    Double Date Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory.

  4. 4.

    Column Access Strobe.

References

  1. Zhu Z, Zhang Z (2005) A performance comparison of dram memory system optimizations for smt processors. In: Proceedings HPCA-11, pp 213--224

    Google Scholar 

  2. Double data rate (ddr) SDRAM specification, May 2002. URL http://www.jedec.org/download/search/JESD79F.pdf

  3. Double data rate (ddr2) SDRAM specification, January 2005. URL http://www.jedec.org/download/search/JESD79-2E.pdf

  4. Double data rate (ddr3) SDRAM specification, April 2008. URL http://www.jedec.org/download/search/JESD79-3B.pdf

  5. Hennessy JL, Patterson DA (2006) Computer architecture: a quantitative approach. 4th edn. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Schumann RC (1997) Design of the 21174 memory controller for digital personal workstations. Digital Tech J 9(2):57–70

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cuppu V, Jacob B (2001) Concurrency, latency, or system overhead: Which has the largest impact on uniprocessor dram-system performance? In: Proceedings 28th Annual international symposium on computer architecture, pp 62--71

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cuppu V, Jacob B, Davis B, Mudge T (1999) A performance comparison of contemporary dram architectures. In: Proceedings of the 26th International symposium on computer architecture, pp 222--233

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wang Z, Crowcroft J (1996) Quality-of-service routing for supporting multimedia applications. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 14(7):1228–1234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rixner S, Dally WJ, Kapasi UJ, Mattson P, Owens JD (2000) Memory access scheduling. In: Proceedings ISCA '00, pp 128--138

    Google Scholar 

  11. Akesson B, Goossens K, Ringhofer M (2007) Predator: a predictable SDRAM memory controller. In: Proceedings CODES+ISSS '07, pp 251--256

    Google Scholar 

  12. Heithecker S, do Carmo Lucas A, Ernst R (2003) A mixed qos SDRAM controller for fpga-based high-end image processing. In: Proceedings SIPS 2003, pp 322--327

    Google Scholar 

  13. Natarajan C, Christenson B, Briggs F (2004) A study of performance impact of memory controller features in multi-processor server environment. In: Proceedings WMPI '04, pp 80--87

    Google Scholar 

  14. Carter J, Hsieh W, Stoller L, Swanson M, Zhang L, Brunvand E, Davis A, Kuo C-C, Kuramkote R, Parker M, Schaelicke L, Tateyama T(1999) Impulse: building a smarter memory controller. Fifth international symposium on high-performance computer architecture, Proceedings, pp 70--79

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X (2002) Fine-grain priority scheduling on multi-channel memory systems. In: Proceedings HPCA'02, pp 107--116

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lee K-B, Lin T-C, Jen C-W (2005) An efficient quality-aware memory controller for multimedia platform soc. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 15(5):620–633 May 2005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nesbit KJ, Aggarwal N, Laudon J, Smith JE (2006) Fair queuing memory systems. In: Proceedings MICRO-39, pp 208--222

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mutlu O, Moscibroda T. Stall-time fair memory access scheduling for chip multiprocessors. In: Proceedings MICRO-40, pp 146--160

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hosseini-Khayat S, Bovopoulos AD (1995) A simple and efficient bus management scheme that supports continuous streams. ACM Trans Comput Syst 13(2):122–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Guerrier P, Greiner A (2000) A generic architecture for on-chip packet-switched interconnections. In: Proceedings DATE '00, pp 250--256

    Google Scholar 

  21. Grot B, Keckler SW, Mutlu O (2009) Preemptive virtual clock: a flexible, efficient, and cost-effective qos scheme for networks-on-chip. In: Proceedings Micro-42, pp 268--279

    Google Scholar 

  22. Lee JW, Ng MC, Asanovic K (2008) Globally-synchronized frames for guaranteed quality-of-service in on-chip networks. In: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News, vol 36, pp 89--100

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dobkin R, Ginosar R, Cidon I (2007) Qnoc asynchronous router with dynamic virtual channel allocation. In: Proceedings NoCS'07, pp 218--218, May 2007

    Google Scholar 

  24. Panades IM (2008) Design and Implementation of a Network-on-Chip with Guaranteed Service. PhD thesis, Pierre etMarie Curie University-Paris VI, May 2008

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bjerregaard T, Sparso J (2006) Implementation of guaranteed services in the mango clockless network-on-chip. In: Computer Digital Techniques, IEE Proceedings, vol 153, pp 217--229, July 2006

    Google Scholar 

  26. Coppola M, Grammatikakis MD, Locatelli R, Maruccia G, Pieralisi L (2008) Design of Cost-Efficient Interconnect Processing Units: Spidergon STNoC. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2008. ISBN 1420044710, 9781420044713

    Google Scholar 

  27. Burchard A, Hekstra-Nowacka E, Chauhan A (2005) A real-time streaming memory controller. In: Proceedings DATE '05, pp 20--25

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sonics. Sonics sx smart interconnect solution. Datasheet, 2010. URL http://www.sonicsinc.com/uploads/pdfs/sonicssx_DS_021610.pdf

  29. Jang W, Pan DZ (2009) An SDRAM-aware router for networks-on-chip. In: Proceedings DAC '09, pp 800--805

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ipek E, Mutlu O, Martinez JF, Caruana R. Self-optimizing memory controllers: A reinforcement learning approach. In: Proceedings ISCA'08, pp 39--50

    Google Scholar 

  31. Micron. 1gb x4, x8, x16 double date rate SDRAM. Datasheet, 2003. URL http://download.micron.com/pdf/datasheets/dram/ddr/1GbDDRx4x8x16.pdf

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Frédéric Pétrot of TIMA Laboratory in Grenoble for offering his tremendous experience in the field to promote this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khaldon Hassan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hassan, K., Coppola, M. (2011). Off-Chip SDRAM Access Through Spidergon STNoC. In: Voros, N., Mukherjee, A., Sklavos, N., Masselos, K., Huebner, M. (eds) VLSI 2010 Annual Symposium. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 105. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1488-5_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1488-5_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-1487-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-1488-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics