Skip to main content
Log in

Greedy hot-potato routing on the two-dimensional mesh

  • Published:
Distributed Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

We propose hot-potato (or, deflection) packet routing algorithms on the two-dimensional mesh. The algorithms are strongly greedy in the sense that they attempt to send packets in good directions whenever possible. Furthermore, the routing operations are simple and independent of the time that has elapsed. The first algorithm gives the best evacuation time known for delivering all the packets to their destinations. A batch ofk packets with maximal source-to-destination distanced max is delivered in 2(k-1)+d max. The second algorithm improves this bound tok+d max when all packets are destined to the same node. This also implies a new bound for the multitarget case, which is the first to take into account the number of in-edges of a node. The third algorithm is designed for routing permutations with source-to-destination distance at most three, in which case the algorithm terminates in at most seven steps. We also show a lower bound of five steps for this problem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Acampora AS, Shah SIA: Multihop lightwave networks: a comparison of store-and-forward and hot-potato routing. IEEE INFOCOM, pp 10–19 (1991)

  2. Badr HG, Podar S: An optimal shortest-path routing policy for network computers with regular mesh-connected topologies. IEEE Trans Comput 38 (10): 1362–1371 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bar-Noy A, Raghavan P, Schieber B, Tamaki H: Fast deflection routing for packets and worms. In: Proc 12th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 1993

  4. Baran P: On distributed communications networks. IEEE Trans Commun 12: 1–9 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ben-Aroya I, Newman I, Schuster A: Randomized single target hot potato routing. In: Proc 3rd Israeli Symposium on the Theory of Computing and Systems, pp 20–29, January 1995 (Also Technion/LPCR TR#9406, June 1994)

  6. Ben-Aroya I, Schuster A: A CLT-type lower bound for hot-potato permutation routing. TR LPCR #9405, CS Dept Technion, May 1994

  7. Ben-Aroya I, Schuster A: Greedy hot-potato routing on the two-dimensional mesh. In: 2nd European Symposium on Algorithms, Utrecht, September 1994 (Also Technion/LPCR TR #9320, November 1993)

  8. Ben-Dor A, Halevi S, Schuster A: Potential function analysis of greedy hot-potato routing. In: Proc of 13th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, Los Angeles, August 1994

  9. Borodin A, Hopcroft JE: Routing, merging, and sorting on parallel models of computation. J Comput Syst Sci 30: 130–145 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Borodin A, Rabani Y, Schieber B: Deterministic many-to-many hot potato routing, 1994

  11. Brassil JT, Cruz RL: Bounds on maximum delay in networks with deflection routing. In: 29th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, pp 571–580, 1991 (To appear IEEE TPDS)

  12. Feige U: Observations on hot potato routing. In: Proc 3rd Israeli Symposium on the Theory of Computing and Systems, pp 30–39, January 1995

  13. Feige U, Raghavan P: Exact analysis of hot-potato routing. In: Proc IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, November 1992

  14. Greenberg AG, Goodman J: Sharp approximate models of adaptive routing in mesh networks. In: Boxma OJ, Cohen JW, Tijms HC (eds) Teletraffic Analysis and Computer Performance Evaluation. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986, pp 255–270 (Revised 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Greenberg AG, Hajek B: Deflection routing in hypercube net-works. IEEE Trans Commun June 1992

  16. Hajek B: Bounds on evacuation time for deflection routing. Distrib Comput 5: 1–6 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hillis WD: The Connection Machine. MIT Press 1985

  18. Kaklamanis C, Krizanc D, Rao S: Hot-potato routing on processor arrays. In: Symposium of Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, 1993

  19. Lawrie DH, Padua DA: Analysis of message switching with shuffle-exchanges in multi-processors. In: Proc Workshop on Interconnection Networks for Parallel and Distributed Computing, pp 116–123, 1980

  20. Leighton FT: Introduction to parallel algorithms and architectures. Morgan Kaufmann 1992.

  21. Maxemchuk NF: Comparison of deflection and store and forward techniques in the manhattan street and shuffle exchange networks. IEEE INFOCOM, pp 800–809 (1989)

  22. Newman I, Schuster A: Hot-potato algorithms for permutation routing. TR PCL Report #9201, CS Dept Technion, November 1992

  23. Ngai JY, Seitz CL: A framework for adaptive routing in multicomputer networks. In: Proc 1st Annual Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pp 1–9. ACM, 1989

  24. Prager R: An algorithm for routing in hypercube networks. Master's thesis, 1986

  25. Seitz CL, Boden N, Seizovic J, Su W: The design of the Caltech Mosaic C multicomputer. In: Proc Symposium on Integrated Systems, pp 1–22, 1993

  26. Smith B: Architecture and applications of the HEP multiprocessor computer system. In: Proc (SPIE) Real Time Signal Processing IV, pp 241–248, 1981

  27. Szymanski T: An analysis of hot potato routing in a fiber optic packet switched hypercube. In: IEEE INFOCOM, pp 918–926 (1990)

  28. Zhang Z, Acampora AS: Performance analysis of multihop light-wave networks with hot potato routing and distance age priorities. In: IEEE INFOCOM, pp 1012–1021 (1991)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Ishai Ben-Aroya received the B.A. and M.Sc. in computer science from the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology). He is currently working with Microsoft Israel R&D group. His main interests include Routing Algorithms, Cryptography and Computer Security.

Tamar Eilam received the B.A. degree in Computer Science from the Technion IIL in 1995, and is currently studying towards her M.A. degree.

Assaf Schuster received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (the last one in 1991). He is currently a lecturer at the Technion IIL. His main interests include Networks and Routing Algorithms, Parallel and Distributed Computation, Optical Computation and Communication, Dynamically Reconfiguring Networks, and Greedy Hot Potato Routing.

This work was supported in part by the French-Israeli grant for cooperation in Computer Science, and by a grant from the Israeli Ministry of Science. An extended abstract appeared in proc. 2nd European Symposium on Algorithms, September 1994

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ben-Aroya, I., Eilam, T. & Schuster, A. Greedy hot-potato routing on the two-dimensional mesh. Distrib Comput 9, 3–19 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01784239

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01784239

Key Words

Navigation