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High power cladding-pumped Er3+/Yb3+ fiber amplifiers: technologies, performances and impact of nonlinear effects

Amplificateurs de forte puissance à fibre Er3+/Yb3+ pompée par la gaine: Technologies, performances et impact des effets non linéaires

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Abstract

Yb3+-sensitized Er3+-doped fibers are attracting increasing interest because of the high achievable performances, such as high gain and pump efficiency. High output power can be obtained from a double clad (dc) Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber pumped with broad area high power pump laser diodes. The principle of amplification in this kind of co-doped fibers is presented in this paper. Different solutions for the injection of pump power in the 1st-cladding have been described. The energy transfer mechanism in a Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped system including cooperative-upconversion process is explained. Gain and absorption properties ofdc fibers have been determined experimentally and inserted in a theoretical amplifier model. Good agreement between measurements and modelling has been obtained. Hybrid Er3+-Er3+/Yb3+ amplifier architectures are suitable to obtain + 30 dBm output power. The gain bandwidth is in the 1535–1565 nm range for single wavelength operation. A spectral gain flatness is observed in a reduced C-bandWDM operation (i.e. 1545–1565 nm) without gain-flattening filter. Nonlinear effects such as the optical Kerr effect or the stimulated Brillouin scattering can be observed in high power amplifiers due to the high output peak power confined in the fiber core. These two nonlinear phenomena have been investigated for different high power amplifier configurations. Numerical modelling have also confirmed the observed signal distortions.

Résumé

Les fibres co-dopées Er3+/Yb3+ présentent un grand intérêt car des gains élevés et de grandes efficacités de pompage peuvent être obtenus. Une puissance de sortie élevée est possible avec une fibre co-dopée Er3+/Yb3+ à double gaine pompée par une diode de puissance de large surface d’émission. Différentes techniques d’injection de la puissance de pompe dans la 1ère gaine sont décrites. Le mécanisme de transfert d’énergie dans un système Er3+/Yb3+, qui prend en compte le phénomène de recombinaison par états excités, est présenté. Les mesures du gain et d’absorption dans la fibre ont permis de développer un modèle de simulation pour un amplificateur Er3+/Yb3+. Une bonne concordance entre mesures et modélisation a été observée. Des architectures d’amplificateur hybrides Er3+-Er3+/Yb3+ sont préférables pour l’amplification d’une seule longueur d’onde. Une platitude de gain en bande C réduite (1545–1565 nm) est observée en régimeWDM sans l’utilisation d’un filtre égaliseur de gain. Les effets non-linéaires de type Kerr ou diffusion Brillouin stimulée peuvent être mis en évidence du fait des valeurs de la puissance crête confinée dans le cœur de la fibre. Ces deux phénomènes non-linéaires ont été étudiés pour différentes configurations d’amplificateurs. Des modèles numériques ont confirmé les déformations des signaux obtenus expérimentalement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unié de recherche associée au CNRS (UMR 5141), GET/Télécom Paris, 46 rue Barrault, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Yves Jaouën & Elena Olmedo

  2. Keopsys SA, 21 rue de Roglie, 22300, Lannion, France

    Sylvain Bordais, Gabor Kulcsar & Jean -Yves Allain

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  1. Yves Jaouën
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  2. Sylvain Bordais
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  3. Elena Olmedo
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  4. Gabor Kulcsar
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  5. Jean -Yves Allain
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Correspondence to Yves Jaouën.

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Jaouën, Y., Bordais, S., Olmedo, E. et al. High power cladding-pumped Er3+/Yb3+ fiber amplifiers: technologies, performances and impact of nonlinear effects. Ann. Télécommun. 58, 1640–1666 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03001221

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03001221

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