Abstract
Direct numerical simulations have been performed in this study to visualize the flow behavior of single and multiple square jets issuing normally into a cross-flow. Three configurations are considered, a single jet located in the centre of the domain, twin jets in side-by-side (SBS) arrangement in the spanwise direction and triple jets in tandem arrangement with twin jets at the front and a third jet in downstream along the centre line. Simulation uses a jet to cross-flow velocity ratio of 2.5 and the Reynolds number 225, based on the free-stream quantities and the jet width. While the vortical structures predicted from single jet case were in good qualitatively agreement with the findings of other researchers, our results show that the process of merging between two counter-rotating vortex pairs (CRVP) in twin jets configurations is strongly dependent on the jet-to-jet edge distance. Further downstream in the far-field, results from the SBS twin jets show a most dominating larger CRVP accompanied with a smaller inner vortex pair. The observations are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental findings in the literature. The resulting flow structures of triple jets in tandem configuration have revealed, for the first time, more complicated flow interactions between individual jets and cross-flow, providing further insights of complex flow physics and its potential engineering applications.
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Mohamed Maidi: He received his M.Sc. (Eng) in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfers in 2001 from the Grenoble National Polytechnic Institute, France. He also received his Ph.D in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfers in 2004 from the Grenoble National Polytechnic Institute. He worked in the French Center for Scientific Research (Grenoble and Paris) as a Post-doctorate researcher between 2004 and 2006. He now works in the Aerospace Research Centre, Kingston University, UK as a Research Fellow since 2006. His research interests are computational aerodynamics, computational fluid mechanics, turbulence simulation and modeling and high performance computing.
Yufeng Yao: He received his M.Sc. (Eng) degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China in 1987 and Ph.D in Aerospace Engineering from Glasgow University in 1996. He then worked as Research Fellow at the Department of Engineering, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London 1996–99 and the School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton 1999–2002. Later he worked shortly with Siemens power generation section as Senior Aero-thermal Engineer, before joining Kingston University as Senior Lecturer in Aerospace Engineering He is currently Reader in CFD, with research interests in computational aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, turbulence simulation and modeling, two-phase flow and multi-scale modeling.
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Maidi, M., Yao, Y. Numerical visualization of vortex flow behavior in square jets in cross-flow. J Vis 11, 319–327 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03182200
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03182200