Abstract
Following a review of system requirements and frameworks, this article will set forth a panel of the concepts, developments and standard initiatives within the various areas of Intelligent Transport. A duality will be highlighted between the notions of critical, original and dimensioning services, on the one hand, and the conventional services proposed by open networks on the other. A number of short technical presentations will be devoted to current progress made in these transport-related areas: roads, rail, aeronautics and maritime. These presentations will discuss recent projects completed within the respective areas and are intended to reveal the fundamental trends at play not only in terms of qualitative solutions but in terms of performance as well. A synthesis will then be provided by means of cross-referencing such trends. A framework architecture will be generated for the entire scope of the study, by virtue of utilizing the duality between services. A set of major conclusions will be drawn, in particular within the perspective of Automated Road and synergies overlapping the various areas.
Résumé
Après un rappel des besoins et des référentiels de systèmes, cette contribution dresse un bilan des concepts, réalisations et initiatives normatives dans les différents domaines des Transports Intelligents. La dualité est soulignée entre les services critiques, originaux et dimensionnants, et les services conventionnels offerts par les réseaux ouverts. De courts exposés techniques sont consacrés aux avancées dans les différents domaines des Transports : Route, Ferroviaire, Aéronautique, Maritime. Ces exposés évoquent les projets récents dans ces domaines, et dégagent les tendances essentielles en termes de solutions qualitatives mais aussi en termes de performances. Une synthèse est dressée en croisant les tendances. Une architecture cible est proposée pour l’ensemble, en tirant parti de la dualité des services. Des conclusions importantes en sont tirées notamment dans la perspective de la Route Automatisée et des synergies entre domaines.
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Abbreviations
- 2G, 3 G, 4G:
-
2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of cellular radiocommunications network
- Actif :
-
Architecture Cadre pour les Transports Intelligents en France (Framework Architecture for “Intelligent Transport” in France)
- Ads-b :
-
Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (Aeronautics)
- Aes :
-
Advanced Encryption Standard
- Aicc :
-
Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (Roads)
- Aida :
-
Application pour l’Information Des Autoroutes (Application for Highway-related Information)
- Aie :
-
Assistance Informatisée à l’Exploitation (Maritime) (Computerized Operations Assistance)
- Ais-sia :
-
Automatic Identification System (Maritime)
- Alzira (Predit):
-
Alerte Locale et personnalisée en Zone à Importants Risques d’Accidents (Local and customized Alert in a Zone with High Accident Risk)
- Amss :
-
Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service
- Amrs :
-
Aeronautical Mobile Route Service (Sdls)
- Aoc :
-
Airline Operational Communications
- Art :
-
Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications (Telecommunications Regulation Authority)
- Asn (Dsc):
-
Appel Sélectif Numérique (Digital Selective Call)
- Atc :
-
Automatic Train Control (Rail) Air Traffic Control (Aeronautics)
- Atsu :
-
Air Traffic Service Unit
- Blast :
-
Bell Layered Space-Time
- Bpsk :
-
Binary Phase Shift Keying
- Calm (M5):
-
Continuous Air interface for Long & Medium Distance (5-GHz Medium)
- Cbtc :
-
Communication-Based Train Control
- Cns :
-
Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (Aeronautics)
- Cpdlc :
-
Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (Aeronautics)
- Cross :
-
Centres Régionaux Opérationnels de Surveillance et de Sauvetage en mer (Regional Sea-based Surveillance and Rescue Operational Centers)
- Csma ( /Ca):
-
Carrier Sense Multiple Access ( / Collision Avoidance)
- (D)8Psk :
-
(Differential) 8-Phase Shift Keying
- Damgm :
-
Direction des Affaires Maritimes et des Gens de Mer (Agency for Maritime Affairs and Seagoing Personnel)
- Dama :
-
On-Demand Assignment Multiple Access (Reservation-based resource allocation)
- Dsss :
-
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
- Dvb (-T, -S):
-
Digital Video Broadcast (-T: Terrestrial; -S : Satellite)
- Ecdis :
-
Electronic Chart Display & Information System
- Edip :
-
European Distribution Power control
- Escort :
-
Enhanced diversity and Space-time Coding for underground metrO and Railway Transmission
- Etsi :
-
European Telecommunication Standard Institute
- Fdma :
-
Frequency Division Multiple Access
- Fmc :
-
Fisheries Monitoring Center
- Geo :
-
Geostationary Satellite
- (G)Msk :
-
(Gaussian) Minimum Shift Keying
- Gnss (1 & 2):
-
Global Navigation Satellite System (1=Gps augmentation; 2=New system)
- Gprs :
-
General Packet Radio Service (Gsm)
- Gps :
-
Global Positioning System
- Gsm(-R):
-
Global System for Mobiles (-Railway)
- Ha :
-
Home Agent
- Hcf :
-
Hybrid Coordination Function (802.1 le)
- Hdlc :
-
High-Level Data Link Protocol
- Hf :
-
High Frequencies (3 MHz — 30 MHz)
- Hmipv6:
-
Hierarchical MobilityIpv6
- Icao :
-
International Civil Aviation Organization
- IEEE:
-
Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
- Ietf :
-
Internet Engineering Task Force
- Ign :
-
Institut Géographique National (National Geographic Institute)
- Imis :
-
International Maritime Information System
- Ip :
-
Internet Protocol
- Irda :
-
InfraRed Data Association
- Iso :
-
International Organization for Standardization
- Lan (Wlan):
-
(Wireless) Local Area Network
- L band:
-
Satcom band operated in duplex between 1.5 and 1.7 GHz
- Leo :
-
Low Earth Orbit (Satcom)
- Llc :
-
Logical Link Control (Osi 2)
- Mac :
-
Medium Access Control (Osi 2)
- Man (Wman):
-
(Wireless) Metropolitan Area Network
- Map :
-
Mobile Anchor Point (Ietf forIpv6)
- Marep :
-
MArine REporting Program
- Mdrn :
-
Maritime Data Radio Network (Imis)
- Meo-ico :
-
Medium Earth Orbit — Intermediate Circular Orbit (Satcom)
- Mf :
-
Medium Frequencies (300 kHz — 3 MHz)
- Mms :
-
Manufacture Messaging System (from Manufacture Automation Protocols)
- Mtnet :
-
Mobile Transportation NETwork (St2E product)
- M5Net :
-
A possible convergence ofMtnet withM5 (Calm)
- Neaf :
-
NavigationOmmunications
- Neaf :
-
North-East Atlantic Fisheries
- Nms :
-
Network Management System
- Omi-imo :
-
Organisation Maritime International (International Maritime Organization)
- Osi :
-
Open System Interconnection (Iso reference model)
- Patmar :
-
PATrouilleur MARitime — MARitime PATroller (typically an “Atlantique 2” aircraft)
- Pmr :
-
Professional Mobile Radio
- Predim (Predit):
-
Plate-forme de Recherche et d’Expérimentation pour le Développement de l’Information Multimodale — (Research and Experimentation Platform for the Development of Multimodal Information)
- Predit :
-
Programme pour la Recherche, le Développement et l’Innovation dans les Transports Terrestres — (Program for the Research, Development and Innovation in Land Transportation)
- QoS:
-
Quality of Service
- Renc :
-
Regional Electronic Navigation Center (Maritime)
- Sam :
-
Système d’Alerte par Messagerie (Predit — “Alert”, 1999) (Alert System by means of Messaging Service)
- Satcom :
-
SATellite COMmunications
- Sdls :
-
Satellite Data Link System (Aeronautics)
- Shf :
-
Supra High Frequencies (3 GHz — 30 GHz)
- Shom :
-
Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department, Marine)
- Sig/gis :
-
Système d’Information Géographique (Geographic Information System)
- Siv :
-
Service d’Information Voyageurs (Passenger Information Service)
- Smdsm (Gmdss):
-
Système Mondial de Détresse & Sécurité en Mer (Global Maritime Distress & Safety System)
- Smtp :
-
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Snmp :
-
Simple Network Management Protocol
- Sofranet :
-
Subway Optical Fiber & RAdio NETwork (St2E product)
- Sotdma orStdma :
-
Self (Organized)Tdma
- Sti — its :
-
Systèmes de Transports Intelligents (Intelligent Transport Systems)
- Tdma :
-
Time Division Multiple Access
- Uhf :
-
Ultra High Frequencies (300 MHz — 3 GHz)
- Uit — itu :
-
Union Internationale des Télécommunications (International Telecommunications Union)
- Umts :
-
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G)
- Utc :
-
Universal Time, Coordinated
- Uwb :
-
Ultra Wide Band
- Vdl :
-
VHF Data Link
- Vhf :
-
Very High Frequencies (30 MHz — 300 MHz)
- Vms :
-
Vessel Management System
- Vsat (Dsat):
-
Very Small Aperture Terminal (Dama-based service)
- Vts :
-
Vessel Traffic System
- Wan (Wwan):
-
(Wireless) Wide Area Network
- Wave :
-
Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment
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Robin-Jouan, Y., Ehrlich, J., Guillaumin, B. et al. Transport-specific communication services: Safety-based or critical applications for mobiles and cooperation with infrastructure networks. Ann. Télécommun. 60, 405–440 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03219827
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03219827
Key words
- Transport
- Telecommunication
- Service
- System architecture
- Road transportation
- Rail transportation
- Air traffic control
- Shipping
- User need
- Review