Abstract
Research, development and delivery of a course concerning how experts debug complex software systems raised questions about how to teach expert software skills — including interpersonal skills — to software professionals. For example: How can we teach students the metacognitive monitoring and control skills that experts exhibit? How can we help students identify what knowledge they lack concerning the specific systems for which they are responsible? Are cognitive models useful instructional tools? Answers to these and other questions are proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Anderson, John R. 1982. Acquisition of Cognitive Skill. Psychological Review. 89(4), 369–406.
Anderson, John R. 1985. Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.
Atwood, M.E. and Ramsey, H.R. 1978. Cognitive structures in the comprehension and memory of computer programs; an investigation of computer program debugging. Technical Report TR-78-A21, U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Alexandria, VA. NTIS no. ADA060522.
Black, John with Kay, Dana S. and Soloway, Elliot M. 1987. Goal and plan knowledge representations: From stories to text editors and programs. Interfacing Thought. Boston: MIT Press.
Bower, Gordon H., J.B. Black, and T.J. Turner. 1979. Scripts in memory for text. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 177–220.
Brooks, Ruven. 1983. Towards a theory of the comprehension of computer programs. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 18, 543–554.
Chase, W.G. and Simon, H.A. 1973. Perception in Chess. Cognitive Psychology. 4(1), 55–81.
Chase, William G. and Ericsson, K. Anders. 1981. Skilled Memory. In John R. Anderson, Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ehrlich, K. and Soloway, E. 1984. Empirical studies of programming knowledge. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. SE-10. 595–609.
Glaser, Robert and Chi, Michelene. 1988. Overview. In M. Chi; R. Glaser; and M. Farr (Eds) The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. xv–xxxvi.
Gould, J.D. and Drongowski, P. 1974. An exploratory study of computer program debugging. Human Factors. 16(3), 258–277.
Gould, John D. 1975. Some psychological evidence on how people debug computer programs. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 7, 151–182.
Hayes-Roth, B. and Hayes-Roth, F. 1978. Cognitive processes in planning. Rep. no. R-2366-ONR, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Larkin, J., McDermott, J., Simon, D.P., and Simon, H.A. 1980. Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems. Science. 208, 1335–1342.
Mayer, Richard E. 1981. The Psychology of How Novices Learn Computer Programming. Computing Surveys. 13(1), 121–141.
McKeithen, Katherine B.; Reitman J.S., Rueter, H.H.; and Hirtle, S.C. 1981. Knowledge organization and skill differences in computer programmers. Cognitive Psychology. 13, 307–325.
Newell, A. and Rosenbloom, P.S. 1981. Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. In John R. Anderson, Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pennington, Nancy. 1982. Cognitive components of expertise in computer programming: A review of the literature. Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, Center for Decision Research.
Pennington, Nancy. 1987 Stimulus structures and mental representations in expert comprehension of computer programs. Cognitive Psychology. 19, 295–341.
Polson, Martha and Richardson, J. Jeffrey (eds.). 1988. Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Riedl, T.R., Weitzenfeld, J.S., Klein, G.A., and Freeman, J.T. 1990. Application of a knowledge elicitation method to software debugging expertise. Proceedings of Behavioral Sciences Days '90. Proprietary, AT&T.
Rist, Robert S. 1986. Plans in programming: Definition, demonstration, and development. In Soloway, E. and Iyengar, S. Empirical Studies of Programmers. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Co.
Robertson, S.P., Davis, E.F., Okabe, K. and Fitz-Randolf, D. 1990. Program comprehension beyond the line. In Diaper, D., Human-Computer Interaction. The Proceedings of INTERACT '90. Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V. (North-Holland).
Robertson, S.P. and Yu, Chiiung-Chen. 1990. Common cognitive representations of program code across tasks and languages. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 33, 343–360.
Schank, Roger C. 1991. Tell Me a Story. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Sheil, B.A. 1981. The psychological study of programming. ACM Computing Surveys. 13(1) 101–120.
Staszewski, James. 1988. Skilled memory and expert mental calculation. In M. Chi; R. Glaser; and M. Farr (Eds) The Nature of Expertise. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Tulving, E. 1972. Episodic and semantic memory. In Tulving, E. and Donaldson, W. (eds), Organization of Memory. New York: Academic Press.
Weitzenfeld, J.S., Freeman, J.T., Riedl, T.R., and Klein, G.A., 1990. The critical decision method (CDM): A knowledge-mapping technique. Proceedings of Behavioral Sciences Days '90. Proprietary, AT&T.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Freeman, J.T., Riedl, T.R., Weitzenfeld, J.S., Klein, G.A., Musa, J. (1991). Instruction for software engineering expertise. In: Tomayko, J.E. (eds) Software Engineering Education. SEI 1991. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 536. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0024299
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0024299
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-54502-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-38418-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive