Abstract
This document presents a functional framework for groupware, with examples of how it can be used to understand and analyze collaboration technologies. The document also introduces a new mathematical model for groupware architecture called Team Automata. Emerging from the model is a new, mathematically rigorous definition of the terms “cooperation” and “collaboration” which clearly separates these terms. The paper concludes by illustrating the application of this model to the analysis of real time shared application groupware. We observe that there are design alternatives for shared application groupware suggested by the model which have mostly gone unexplored.
This work was partially supported by NSF grant IRI-9307619
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baecker, R., (ed.) Readings in Groupware and Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, January 1993.
Bales, R. F., Cohen, S. P. (1979) SYMLOG, A System for the Multiple Level Observation of Groups. The Free Press.
Brauer, W., Reisig, W., and Rozenberg, G. “Petri Nets” in: Advances in Petri Nets. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 254, Springer Verlag, 1987.
Chandy, M., and Misra, J. Parallel Program Design: A Foundation, Addison Wesley, 1988.
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), An International Journal, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 1, 1992.
Conklin, J., Begeman, M., (1988) gIBIS: A Hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy Discussion. Proceedings of CSCW'88.
Coleman David, “Interview: Groupware and the Future of Organizations: A Conversation with Bob Johansen”, Virtual Workgroups Magazine, May/June 1996.
Ellis, C., Gibbs, S. “Concurrency Control in Groupware Systems” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD89 Conference on the Management of Data, May 1989.
Ellis, C., S.J. Gibbs, G. Rein “Design and Use of a Group Editor” in Engineering for Human Computer Interaction, G. Cockton, editor. North Holland, Amsterdam, 1990.
Ellis, C., Keddara, K. (1993) “Dynamic Change Within Workflow Systems”. University of Colorado Technical Report
Ellis, C. A., S. J. Gibbs, and G. L. Rein, “Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 34, No. 1 (January, 1991), pp. 38–58.
Ellis, C., and J. Wainer, “Goal Based Groupware Systems” in the International Journal of Collaborative Computing. 1,1, 1994, pp. 61–86.
Fischer, G, et. al. (1990) Using Critics to Empower Users. Proceedings of the ACM CHI'90 Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems. Seattle, WA
Flores, F., Graves, M., Hartfield, B. and Winograd, T. (1988) Computer Systems and the Design of Organizational Interaction. ACM Trans. Office Information Systems, 6, 2, 153–172
Francez, N., and Forman, I. Interaction Processes: A Multiparty Approach to Coordinated Distributed Programming. Addison Wesley, 1991.
Forman, I. “Design by Decomposition of Multiparty Interactions in RADDLE” in Proc. of the 5th Workshop on Software Specification, 1989.
Goodman, G., Abel, M. (1986) Collaboration Research in SCL. Proceedings of CSCW'86, Austin, Texas.
Ishii, H., Miyake, N. (1991) Toward an Open Shared Workspace. Communications of the ACM 34, 12.
Jablonski, S. and C. Bussler, Workflow Management Systems: Modeling, Architecture, and Implementation, 1996.
Johansen, R. (1988) Groupware: Computer Support for Business Teams.The Free Press
Johnson-Lenz, P., Johnson-Lenz, T., (1982) Groupware: The Process and Impact of Design Choices. In Kerr, E. B. (eds.),Computer Mediated Communication Systems. Academic Press.
Keesmaat, N. Vector Controlled Concurrent Systems. PhD Thesis, Leiden University, 1996.
Losada, M. and Markovitch, S. (1990) GroupAnalyzer: A System for Dynamic Analysis of Group Interaction. Proceeding of the 23rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Lynch, N. Distributed Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, 1996.
Malone, T., et. al., “Semistructured Messages are Surprisingly Useful for Computer Supported Coordination,” ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems (5,2) April 1987.
McGrath, J. E. (1984) Groups: Interaction and Performance, Prentice Hall, Inc. NJ
Mintzberg, H. “Typology of Organizational Structure”, In Miller/Friesen (Eds.), Organizations:A Quantum View, 1984, pp. 68–86.
Newman, W. “Office Models and Office Systems Design,” In Naffah, N. Ed. Integrated Office Systems, Burotics North-Holland,1979, pp.3–10.
Nunamaker, J., et. al. (1989) Experiences at IBM with Group Support Systems. Decision Support Systems,5,2
Olson, G., and McGuffin, L. ShrEdit: A Shared Electronic Workplace. CSMIL Technical Report #45, University of Michigan, 1992.
Rodden, T., Blair, G. (1991) CSCW and Distributed Systems: The Problem of Control. Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.
Smith, John, Collective Intelligence in Computer Based Collaboration, Erlbaum Associates, 1994.
Stilian, G. N., et. al. (1962) PERT, A Management Planning and Control Technique. American Management Association publication 74.
Winograd, T. and Flores, F. Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design, Ablex Publishing Co., NY, 1986.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ellis, C.A. (1998). A framework and mathematical model for collaboration technology. In: Conen, W., Neumann, G. (eds) Coordination Technology for Collaborative Applications. ASIAN 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1364. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0027103
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0027103
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64170-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69699-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive