Abstract
It is shown how to use the PVS specification language and proof checker to present a hierarchical formalization of a two-dimensional, high-speed integer multiplier on the gate level. We first give an informal description of iterative array multiplier circuits together with a natural refinement into vertical and horizontal stages, and then show how the various features of PVS can be used to obtain a readable, high-level specification. The verification exploits the tight integration between rewriting, arithmetic decision procedures, and equality that is present in PVS. Altogether, this case study demonstrates that the resources of an expressive specification language and of a general-purpose theorem prover permit highly automated verification in this domain, and can contribute to clarity, generality, and reuse.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M.D. Aagaard and C.J.H. Seger. The Formal Verification of a Pipelined Double-Precision IEEE Floating-Point Multiplier. In Proc. of ICCAD'95, pages 7–10. IEEE Computer Science Press, 1995.
R.E. Bryant and Y.A. Chen. Verification of Arithmetic Circuits with Binary Moment Diagrams. Technical Report CMU-CS-94-160, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 1994.
R.E. Bryant. Verification of Arithmetic Functions with Binary Moment Diagrams. Technical Report CMU-CS-94-160, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, 1994.
R.E. Bryant. Bit-Level Analysis of an SRT Divider Circuit. Technical Report CMU-CS-95-140, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, April 1995.
Y.A. Chen and R.E. Bryant. ACV: An Arithmetic Circuit Verifier. 1995.
E.M. Clarke, S.M. German, and X. Zhao. Verifying the SRT Division Algorithm using Theorem Proving Techniques. In R. Alur and T.A. Henzinger, editors, CAV'96, number 1102 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 111–122. Springer-Verlag, 1996.
S.K. Chin. Verified Functions for Generating Signed-Binary Arithmetic Hardware. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, 11(2):1529–1558, December 1992.
D. Cyrluk, S. Rajan, N. Shankar, and M. Srivas. Effective Theorem Proving for Hardware Verification. In R. Kumar and Th. Kropf, editors, Theorem Provers in Circuit Design, number 901 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1994.
F.K. Hanna, N. Daeche, and M. Longley. Specification and Verification Using Dependent Types. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 16(9):949–964, September 1990.
I. Koren. Computer Arithmetic Algorithms. Prentice-Hall, 1993.
D. Kapur and M. Subramaniam. Mechanically Verifying a Family of Multiplier Circuits. In R. Alur and T.A. Henzinger, editors, CAV'96, number 1102 in LNCS, pages 135–146. Springer Verlag, 1996.
M. Leeser and J. O'Leary. Verification of a Subtractive Radix-2 Square Root Algorithm and Implementation. In Proc. of ICCD'95, pages 526–531. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1995.
P.S. Miner and J.F. Leathrum. Verification of IEEE Compliant Subtractive Division Algorithms. 1996. FMCAD'96, This Volume.
S. Owre, J. Rushby, N. Shankar, and F. von Henke. Formal Verification for Fault-Tolerant Architectures: Prolegomena to the Design of PVS. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 21(2):107–125, February 1995.
H. Rueß, M. Srivas, and N. Shankar. Modular Verification of SRT Division. In R. Alur and T.A. Henzinger, editors, CAV'96, number 1102 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 123–134. Springer Verlag, 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rueß, H. (1996). Hierarchical verification of two-dimensional high-speed multiplication in PVS: A case study. In: Srivas, M., Camilleri, A. (eds) Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design. FMCAD 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031801
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031801
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61937-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49567-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive