Abstract
Most work in evolutionary robotics used a neural net approach for control of a mobile robot. Genetic programming has mostly been used for computer simulations. We wanted to see if genetic programming is capable to evolve a hierarchical control architecture for simple reactive navigation on a large physical mobile robot. First, we evolved hierarchical control algorithms for a mobile robot using computer simulations. Then we repeated one of the experiments with a large physical mobile robot. The results achieved are summarized in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
W. Banzhaf, P. Nordin, and M. Olmer. Generating adaptive behavior using function regression within genetic programming and a real robot. In 2nd International Conference on Genetic Programming, Stanford, 1997.
V. Braitenberg. Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984.
R. A. Brooks. A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2(1):14–23, March 1986.
R. A. Brooks. Artifical life and real robots. In F. J. Varela and P. Bourgine, editors, Toward a practice of autonomous systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life, pages 3–10, Cambridge, MA, 1992. The MIT Press.
D. Cliff, P. Husbands, and I. Harvey. Evolving visually guided robots. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, and S. W. Wilson, editors, From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1992, pages 374–383. The MIT Press, 1993.
M. Ebner and A. Zell. Evolution of a control architecture under real world constraints using genetic programming, unpublished manuscript, 1997.
D. Floreano and F. Mondada. Automatic creation of an autonomous agent: Genetic evolution of a neural network driven robot. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, and S. W. Wilson, editors, From animals to animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Brighton, England, 1994, pages 421–430. The MIT Press, 1994.
D. Floreano and F. Mondada. Evolution of homing navigation in a real mobile robot. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern. B, 26(3):396–407, 1996.
I. Harvey. Artificial evolution and real robots. Artificial Life and Robotics, 1(1):35–38, 1997.
I. Harvey, P. Husbands, and D. Cliff. Issues in evolutionary robotics. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, and S. W. Wilson, editors, From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1992, pages 364–373. The MIT Press, 1993.
I. Harvey, P. Husbands, and D. Cliff. Seeing the light: Artificial evolution, real vision. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, and S. W. Wilson, editors, From animals to animats 3: Proc. of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Brighton, England, 1994, pages 392–401. The MIT Press, 1994.
I. Harvey, P. Husbands, D. Cliff, A. Thompson, and N. Jakobi. Evolutionary robotics: the Sussex approach. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 20:205–224, 1997.
J. R. Koza. Genetic Programming, On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1992.
J. R. Koza. Evolution of Subsumption. In J. R. Koza. Genetic Programming I: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection, pages 357–393. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1992.
J. R. Koza. Genetic Programming II, Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1994.
John R. Koza. Obstacle-Avoiding Robot. In J. R. Koza. Genetic Programming II: Automatic Discovery of Reusable Programs, pages 365–376. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1994.
M. Matarić and D. Cliff. Challenges in evolving controllers for physical robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19:67–83, 1996.
L. A. Meeden. An incremental approach to developing intelligent neural network controllers for robots. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern.B, 26(3):474–485, 1996.
F. Mondada and D. Floreano. Evolution of neural control structures: some experiments on mobile robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 16:183–195, 1995.
S. Nolfi. Evolving non-trivial behaviors on real robots: A garbage collecting robot. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 22:187–198, 1997.
S. Nolfi, D. Floreano, O. Miglino, and F. Mondada. How to evolve autonomous robots: different approaches in evolutionary robotics. In R. A. Brooks and P. Maes, editors, Artificial Life IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, pages 190–197. The MIT Press, 1994.
P. Nordin and W. Banzhaf. Genetic programming controlling a miniature robot. In Working Notes of the AAAI-95 Fall Symposium Series, Symposium on Genetic Programming, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 10–12 November 1995, pages 61–67, 1995.
P. Nordin and W. Banzhaf. A genetic programming system learning ostacle avoiding behavior and controlling a miniature robot in real time. Technical Report Sys-Report 4/95, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Dortmund, Germany, 1995.
P. Nordin and W. Banzhaf. Real time evolution of behavior and a world model for a miniature robot using genetic programming. Technical Report SysReport 5/95, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Dortmund, Germany, 1995.
M. Olmer, P. Nordin, and W. Banzhaf. Evolving real-time behavioral modules for a robot with gp. In M. Jamshidi, F. Pin, and P. Danchez, editors, Robotics and Manufacturing, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Robotics and Manufactoring (ISRAM-96), Montpellier, France, pages 675–680, New York, 1996. Asme Press.
C. W. Reynolds. An evolved, vision-based model of obstacle avoidance behavior. In C. G. Langten, editor, Proceedings of the Workshop of Artificial Life III SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, pages 327–346. Addison-Wesley, 1994.
C. W. Reynolds. Evolution of corridor following behavior in a noisy world. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, and S. W. Wilson, editors, From animals to animais 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, Brighton, England, 1994, pages 402–410. The MIT Press, 1994.
C. W. Reynolds. The difficulty of roving eyes. In Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation, pages 262–267. IEEE, 1994.
C. W. Reynolds. Evolution of obstacle avoidance bahavior: Using noise to promote robust solutions. In K. E. Kinnear, Jr., editor, Advances in Genetic Programming, pages 221–241, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1994. The MIT Press.
M. S. Wilson, C. M. King, and J. E. Hunt. Evolving hierarchical robot behaviours. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 22:215–230, 1997.
D. Zongker and B. Punch. lil-gp 1.01 User’s Manual (support and enhancements Bill Rand). Michigan State University, March 1996.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ebner, M. (1998). Evolution of a control architecture for a mobile robot. In: Sipper, M., Mange, D., Pérez-Uribe, A. (eds) Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware. ICES 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1478. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0057632
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0057632
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64954-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49916-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive