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A Survey on Routing Protocols for Disaster Management

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Abstract

Disasters, whether natural or man-made, can cause severe damage to both life and property within a community. The extent and impact of a disaster can vary, making it crucial for first responders to have a means of communicating with their team to efficiently conduct relief and rescue operations. Communication systems are thus a vital component of disaster management. However, a disaster can potentially result in the failure of the existing communication network, thereby hindering emergency operations. In such circumstances, wireless technologies, particularly wireless ad-hoc networks, can serve as a prompt and effective solution for establishing a communication system. As ad-hoc networks lack a fixed architecture, they can be established in accordance with the situation at hand. Nevertheless, routing is a critical aspect of any network as it ensures data packets reach the correct destination with minimal delay. Given the dynamic nature of nodes within ad-hoc networks and their power limitations, employing an appropriate routing mechanism is of utmost importance. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various wireless technologies and routing protocols that can be utilized in different ad-hoc networks, particularly within a disaster-related context. The primary finding of the review is that the current state of routing technology is ill-suited to meet the unique challenges presented by disaster communication scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for adaptive routing algorithms that can effectively address the specific challenges posed by post-disaster scenarios. These algorithms should possess the capability to adapt different network conditions, operate efficiently in resource–scarce environments, and prioritize energy efficiency to prolong the network’s operational duration. Such an approach should take into account various factors, including the nature and scale of the disaster, the available communication infrastructure, and the capabilities of the network nodes.

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SP: (1) Conducted an extensive literature review on the selected topics, summarizing existing research findings and identifying gaps in the literature. (2) Provided critical analysis and synthesis of the surveyed literature, identifying trends, patterns, and research gaps. (3) Prepared the final manuscript for submission, ensuring adherence to the formatting guidelines of the target journal or conference. (4) Acted as the corresponding author, handling communication with editors, addressing reviewer comments, and managing the submission process. MRL: (1) Contributed to the conceptualization of the survey paper, including the identification of key research areas and themes. (2) Oversaw the project timeline, coordinating tasks and deadlines among co-authors to ensure timely completion. (3) Created visual aids, such as figures and tables, to enhance the presentation of survey findings and make the content more accessible to readers. ARS: (1) Played a key role in structuring the survey paper, defining the sections, and outlining the flow of content. (2) Participated in the collection and organization of data from diverse sources, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of the surveyed topics. (3) Played a significant role in reviewing and editing the entire manuscript, ensuring clarity, coherence, and adherence to standards.

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Correspondence to Manas Ranjan Lenka.

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Prasanna, S., Lenka, M.R. & Swain, A.R. A Survey on Routing Protocols for Disaster Management. SN COMPUT. SCI. 5, 216 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02509-2

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