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Time Constant Enhancement Technique for Low-Frequency Filters

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Abstract

This paper presents a simple and novel technique to enhance the time constant of a source follower (SF)-based low-pass filter (LPF) for front-end processing of biomedical signals. The proposed technique reduces the capacitor value significantly, which in turn reduces the area of the circuit. Inherent negative feedback and lower number of transistors in this circuit result in good linearity and dynamic range even with low power supply of 0.8 V. A second-order LPF of cutoff frequency (\(f_{-3\,{\mathrm{dB}}}\)) of 100 Hz is designed by cascading the proposed NMOS and PMOS SF LPFs. Cutoff frequency can be tuned linearly from 10 Hz to 1 kHz by varying the bias current and, hence, can be fit into the desired frequency range of different bio-potentials. The filter, designed in UMC 65 nm process, occupies an area of \(0.008\,\hbox {mm}^2\). It offers a dynamic range of 61.85 dB while consuming a power as low as 8 nW. Figure of merit of the filter is as low as \(3.23*10^{-14}\,\hbox {J}\) which is better than many other filter designs reported in the literature.

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Acknowledgements

The software tool for this work is supported under SMDP, VLSI project funded by MeitY, Government of India.

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  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, 575025, India

    G. Hanumantha Rao & S. Rekha

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  1. G. Hanumantha Rao
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Correspondence to G. Hanumantha Rao.

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Rao, G.H., Rekha, S. Time Constant Enhancement Technique for Low-Frequency Filters. Circuits Syst Signal Process 39, 1213–1226 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01221-y

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