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Mel Scale-Based Linear Prediction Approach to Reduce the Prediction Filter Order in CELP Paradigm

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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel method to reduce the order of prediction filter from 10 to 7 in Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) coding framework by the inclusion of psychoacoustic Mel scale into Linear Predictive Coding (Mel-LPC). Efficient quantization methods using 2-split Vector Quantization (VQ) for Mel-LPC obtained a reduction of 4 bits/frame and resulted in a total bit gain of 200 bps. A weighting scheme for the Euclidean distance measure gave a reduction of 6 bits/frame that adds up to a total bit gain of 300 bps. A lower Mel-LPC order of 3 has been employed for unvoiced frames by using the perceptual quality as selection criteria and an efficient VQ method using 5 bits is developed which brought down the average bit requirement to 11.5 bits/frame. To incorporate this into Mel-LPC-based CELP encoding scheme, a neural network-based voiced-unvoiced classification algorithm using 5 derived features as input has been constructed and this selection of filter order based on signal statistics provides the benefit of bit reduction by 625 and 325 bps, respectively, for 10th order LPC and 7th order Mel-LPC. In addition to all, the incorporation of Mel-LPC gives a better performance in the estimation of formants.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, for supporting this work under the FIST scheme No. SR/FST/ET-I/2017/68.

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  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India

    M. S. Arun Sankar & P. S. Sathidevi

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  1. M. S. Arun Sankar
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Correspondence to M. S. Arun Sankar.

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Data Availability

The current study used three datasets; TIMIT, P.862 and James Hillenbrand databases for performance analysis of various aspects and the information regarding these are given respectively in [11] and [14] along with the link for accessing these.

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Sankar, M.S.A., Sathidevi, P.S. Mel Scale-Based Linear Prediction Approach to Reduce the Prediction Filter Order in CELP Paradigm. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40, 3813–3835 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-021-01647-3

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