Abstract
We propose an exact algorithm to find the optimal solution to the grey pattern problem which is a special instance of the quadratic assignment problem. A very effective branch and bound algorithm is constructed. The special structure of the problem is exploited and optimal solutions for many problem instances established. One instance based on 64 facilities, organized in an 8 by 8 pattern, that was extensively researched in the literature was optimally solved in 15 s of computer time while existing papers report solution times of hours.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burkard RE (1990) Locations with spatial interactions: the quadratic assignment problem. In: Mirchandani PB, Francis RL (eds) Discrete location theory. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 387–437
Carlsson S (1984) Improving worst-case behavior of heaps. BIT Numer Math 24:14–18
Cela E (1998) The quadratic assignment problem: theory and algorithms. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Coxeter HSM (1973) Regular polytopes. Dover Publications, New York
Drezner Z (2006) Finding a cluster of points and the grey pattern quadratic assignment problem. OR Spectr 28:417–436
Drezner Z (2008) Extensive experiments with hybrid genetic algorithms for the solution of the quadratic assignment problem. Comput Oper Res 35:717–736
Drezner Z, Hahn PM, Taillard ÉD (2005) Recent advances for the quadratic assignment problem with special emphasis on instances that are difficult for meta-heuristic methods. Ann Oper Res 139:65–94
Drezner Z, Misevičius A (2013) Enhancing the performance of hybrid genetic algorithms by differential improvement. Comput Oper Res 40:1038–1046
Drezner Z, Suzuki A (2010) Covering continuous demand in the plane. J Oper Res Soc 61:878–881
Drezner Z, Zemel E (1992) Competitive location in the plane. Ann Oper Res 40:173–193
Fischetti M, Monaci M, Salvagnin D (2012) Three ideas for the quadratic assignment problem. Oper Res 60:954–964
Gabow HN, Galil Z, Spencer T, Tarjan RE (1986) Efficient algorithms for finding minimum spanning trees in undirected and directed graphs. Combinatorica 6:109–122
Gilmore P (1962) Optimal and suboptimal algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem. J SIAM 10:305–313
Hilbert D, Cohn-Vossen S (1956) Geometry and the imagination. Chelsea, New York. English translation of Anschauliche Geometrie (1932)
Hoare CA (1962) Quicksort. Comput J 5:10–16
Jain R, Chlamtac I (1985) The \(P^2\) algorithm for dynamic calculation of quantiles and histograms without storing observations. Commun ACM 28:1076–1085
Koopmans TC, Beckmann MJ (1957) Assignment problems and the location of economic activities. Econometrica 25:53–76
Lawler EL (1973) Optimal sequencing of a single machine subject to precedence constraints. Manag Sci 19(5):544–546
Love RF, Wong JY (1976) Solving quadratic assignment problems with rectangular distances and integer programming. Nav Res Logist Q 23:623–627
Margot F (2002) Pruning by isomorphism in branch-and-cut. Math Program 94:71–90
McKay BD (1998) Isomorph-free exhaustive generation. J Algorithms 26:306–324
Misevičius A (2011) Generation of grey patterns using an improved genetic-evolutionary algorithm: some new results. Inf Technol Control 40:330–343
Misevičius A, Guogis E, Stanevičienè E (2013) Computational algorithmic generation of high-quality colour patterns. In: Skersys T, Butkienè R, Butleris R (eds) Information and software technologies, 19th international conference, ICIST 2013, proceedings, communications in computer and information science (CCIS). Springer, pp 285–296
Nyberg A, Westerlund T (2012) A new exact discrete linear reformulation of the quadratic assignment problem. Eur J Oper Res 220:314–319
Okabe A, Suzuki A (1987) Stability of spatial competition for a large number of firms on a bounded two-dimensional space. Environ Plan A 16:107–114
Pierce JF, Crowston WB (1971) Tree-search algorithms for quadratic assignment problems. Nav Res Logist Q 18:1–36
Rendl F (2002) The quadratic assignment problem. In: Drezner Z, Hamacher H (eds) Facility location: applications and theory. Springer, Berlin
Suzuki A, Drezner Z (1996) The p-center location problem in an area. Location Sci 4:69–82
Suzuki A, Okabe A (1995) Using Voronoi diagrams. In: Drezner Z (ed) Facility location: a survey of applications and methods. Springer, New York, pp 103–118
Szabo PG, Markot M, Csendes T, Specht E (2007) New approaches to circle packing in a square: with program codes. Springer, New York
Taillard ÉD (1995) Comparison of iterative searches for the quadratic assignment problem. Location Sci 3:87–105
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix: Generating the distance matrix
Appendix: Generating the distance matrix
Rather than reading the distance array from a file, the array can be easily generated by the following code. It is assumed that \(n_1=n_2\). nsq is the square root of n (equal to \(n_1\)) and is prompted as input. The variables n, i, j, ir, ic, jr, jc are integers and nsq, dr, dc are real. The array d can be integer or real. Double precision is used for real numbers. The code is given in Fig. 11.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drezner, Z., Misevičius, A. & Palubeckis, G. Exact algorithms for the solution of the grey pattern quadratic assignment problem. Math Meth Oper Res 82, 85–105 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-015-0505-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00186-015-0505-1