Abstract
Kleene’s theorem on the equivalence of recognizability and rationality for formal tree series over distributive multioperator monoids is proved. As a consequence of this, Kleene’s theorem for weighted tree automata over arbitrary, i.e., not necessarily commutative, semirings is derived.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berstel, J., Reutenauer, C.: Recognizable formal power series on trees. Theor. Comput. Sci. 18(2), 115–148 (1982)
Bozapalidis, S.: Equational elements in additive algebras. Theory Comput. Syst. 32(1), 1–33 (1999)
Bozapalidis, S.: Context-free series on trees. Inf. Comput. 169, 186–229 (2001)
Bozapalidis, S., Grammatikopoulou, A.: Recognizable picture series. J. Autom. Lang. Comb. 10, 159–183 (2005)
Courcelle, B.: Equivalences and transformations of regular systems—applications to recursive program schemes and grammars. Theor. Comput. Sci. 42, 1–122 (1986)
Droste, M., Gastin, P.: The Kleene-Schützenberger theorem for formal power series in partially commuting variables. Inf. Comput. 153, 47–80 (1999). Extended abstract in: 24th ICALP, LNCS, vol. 1256, pp. 682–692. Springer (1997)
Droste, M., Pech, C., Vogler, H.: A Kleene theorem for weighted tree automata. Theory Comput. Syst. 38, 1–38 (2005)
Engelfriet, J.: Alternative Kleene theorem for weighted automata. Personal communication (2003)
Engelfriet, J., Fülöp, Z., Vogler, H.: Bottom-up and top-down tree series transformations. J. Autom. Lang. Comb. 7, 11–70 (2002)
Ésik, Z., Kuich, W.: Formal tree series. J. Autom. Lang. Comb. 8(2), 219–285 (2003)
Fülöp, Z., Gazdag, Z., Vogler, H.: Hierarchies of tree series transformations. Theor. Comput. Sci. 314, 387–429 (2004)
Fülöp, Z., Vogler, H.: Comparison of several classes of weighted tree automata. Technical report, TU Dresden (2006). TUD-FI06-08-Dez.2006
Giammarresi, D., Restivo, A.: Two-dimensional languages. In: Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A. (eds.) Handbook of Formal Languages, Part III, pp. 215–268. Springer, New York (1997)
Kleene, S.E.: Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata. In: Shannon, C.E., McCarthy, J. (eds.) Automata Studies, pp. 3–42. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1956)
Kuich, W.: Formal power series over trees. In: Bozapalidis, S. (ed.) 3rd International Conference on Developments in Language Theory, DLT 1997, Thessaloniki, Greece, Proceedings, pp. 61–101. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (1998)
Kuich, W.: Linear systems of equations and automata on distributive multioperator monoids. In: Contributions to Algebra, vol. 12, pp. 1–10. Johannes Heyn (1999)
Maletti, A.: Hasse diagrams for classes of deterministic bottom-up tree-to-tree-series transformations. Theor. Comput. Sci. 339, 200–240 (2005)
Maletti, A.: Relating tree series transducers and weighted tree automata. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 16(4), 723–741 (2005)
Maletti, A.: Compositions of tree series transformations. Theor. Comput. Sci. 366, 248–271 (2006)
Mäurer, I.: Rational and recognizable picture series. In Conference on Algebraic Informatics, Thessaloniki, April 2005
Mäurer, I.: Characterizations of recognizable picture series. Theor. Comput. Sci. 374, 214–228 (2007)
Ochmanski, E.: Regular behaviour of concurrent systems. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Theor. Comput. Sci. 27, 56–67 (1985)
Pech, C.: Kleene-type results for weighted tree automata. Ph.D. thesis, TU Dresden (2003)
Pech, C.: Kleene’s theorem for weighted tree-automata. In: 14th International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory FCT 2003, Malmö, Sweden. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2751, pp. 387–399. Springer, New York (2003)
Schützenberger, M.P.: On the definition of a family of automata. Inf. Control 4, 245–270 (1961)
Thatcher, J.W., Wright, J.B.: Generalized finite automata theory with an application to a decision problem of second-order logic. Math. Syst. Theory 2(1), 57–81 (1968)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This research was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Foundation (OTKA) under Grant T46686 and DAAD-MÖB and DFG GK 334/3.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fülöp, Z., Maletti, A. & Vogler, H. A Kleene Theorem for Weighted Tree Automata over Distributive Multioperator Monoids. Theory Comput Syst 44, 455–499 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-007-9091-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-007-9091-9