Abstract
A new method of free-form deformation, w-TFFD, is proposed, for which an original shape is deformed using weighted T-spline volumes. We generalize T-splines to weighted T-spline volumes that also permit T-junctions. Weighted T-spline volumes are a natural generalization of NURBS volumes but permit more flexible control lattices. Thus, w-TFFD holds many virtues of traditional FFDs and is more adaptive to objects with arbitrary topology or complex shape. The lattices can be automatically generated and approximate the shape of the object arbitrarily close by octree subdivision.
Besides constructing and deforming a multiresolution lattice, users can also sculpt specific local details to their required shape by modifying weights. A set of direct-acting tools that are similar to previously proposed techniques can be applied to w-TFFD.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bechmann D, Bertrand Y, Thery S (1996) Continuous free form deformation. Comput Netw ISDN Syst 29(14):1715–1725
Bloomenthal J (2002) Skinning: medial-based vertex deformation. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp 147–151
Bloomenthal J, Lim C (1999) Skeletal methods of shape manipulation. In: Proceedings of Shape Modeling International ’99, pp 44–47
Chadwick JE, Haumann DR, Parent RE (1989) Layered construction for deformable animated characters. ACM Comput Graph (SIGGRAPH ’89) 23(3):243–252
Chua C, Neumann U (2000) Hardware-accelerated free-form deformation. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Graphics hardware, pp 33–39
Coquillart S (1990) Extended free-form deformation: a sculpturing tool for 3D geometric modeling. ACM Comput Graph (SIGGRAPH ’90) 24(4):187–193
Coquillart S, Jancene P (1991) Animated free-form deformations: an interactive animation technique. ACM Comput Graph (SIGGRAPH ’91) 25(4):23–26
Davis OR, Burton RP (1991) Free-form deformation as an interactive modeling tool. Journal of Imaging Technology 17(4):181–187
Gottschalk S, Lin MC, Manocha D (1996) OBB-Tree: a hierarchical structure for rapid interference detection. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 96 Conference, pp 171–180
Griessmair J, Purgathofer W (1989) Deformation of solids with trivariate B-splines. In: Proceedings of Eurographics’89. Elsevier, North Holland, pp 137–148
Gudukbay U, Ozguc (1990) Free-form solid modeling using deformation. Comput Graph 14(3/4):491–500
Hsu W, Hughes J, Kaufman H (1992) Direct manipulation on free-form deformation. ACM Comput Graph (SIGGRAPH’92) 26(2):177–184
Jorge N, Stephen JW (1999) Numerical optimization. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Karla P, Mangli A, Thalmann NM, Thalmann D (1992) Simulation of facial muscle actions based on rational freeform deformation. Comput Graph Forum (Eurographics’92), pp 59–69
Kazuya G, Kobayashi, Katsutoshi O (2003) t-FFD: free-form deformation by using triangular mesh. In: Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on solid modeling and applications, pp 226–234
Lamousin H, Waggenspack W (1994) NURBS-based freeform deformation. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 14(9):59–65
Lewis JP, Cordner M, Fong N (2000) Pose space deformation: A unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation. In: proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 165–172
MacCracken R, Joy K (1996) Free-form deformation with lattice of arbitrary topology. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 181–188
McDonnell KT, Qin H, Wlodarczyk RA (2001) Virtual clay: a real-time sculpting system with haptic toolkits. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp 179–190
Moccozet L, Thalmann NM (1997) Dirichlet free-form deformations and their application to hand simulation. In: Proceedings of Computer Animation’97, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 93–102
Noble RA, Gordon JC (1999) Direct manipulation of surfaces using NURBS-based free-form deformations. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Visualization
Ono Y, Chen B, Nishita T, Feng J (2002) Free-form deformation with automatically generated multiresolution lattices. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds, pp 472–490
Sederberg T, Parry S (1986) Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. ACM Comput Graph (SIGGRAPH’86) 20(4):151–160
Sederberg T, Zheng J, Bakenov A, Nasri A (2003) T-splines and T-NURCCs. ACM Trans Graph 22(3):477–484
Shao J, Zhao Y, Feng J, Jin X, Peng Q (2003) Free-form deformation by using arbitrary topological mesh. In: Proceedings of CAD&Computer Graphics, 29–31 October 2003, Macao
Singh K, Kokkevis E (2000) Skinning characters using surface-oriented free-form deformations. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface pp 35–42
Yoshizawa S, Belyaev AG, Seidel HP (2003) Free-form skeleton-driven mesh deformations. In: Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on solid modeling and applications, pp 247–253
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, W., Yang, X. Free-form deformation with weighted T-spline. Visual Comput 21, 139–151 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-004-0277-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-004-0277-8