Skip to main content
Log in

Hybrid particle–grid fluid animation with enhanced details

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Simulating large-scale fluid while retaining and rendering details still remains to be a difficult task in spite of rapid advancements of computer graphics during the last two decades. Grid-based methods can be easily extended to handle large-scale fluid, yet they are unable to preserve sub-grid surface details like spray and foam without multi-level grid refinement. On the other hand, the particle-based methods model details naturally, but at the expense of increasing particle densities. This paper proposes a hybrid particle–grid coupling method to simulate fluid with finer details. The interaction between particles and fluid grids occurs in the vicinity of “coupling band” where multiple particle level sets are introduced simultaneously. First, fluids free of interaction could be modeled by grids and SPH particles independently after initialization. A coupling band inside and near the interface is then identified where the grids interact with the particles. Second, the grids inside and far away from the interface are adaptively sampled for large-scale simulation. Third, the SPH particles outside the coupling band are enhanced by diffuse particles which render little computational cost to simulate spray, foam, and bubbles. A distance function is continuously updated to adaptively coarsen or refine the grids near the coupling band and provides the coupling weights for the two-way coupling between grids and particles. One characteristic of our hybrid approach is that the two-way coupling between these particles of spray and foam and the grids of fluid volume can retain details with little extra computational cost. Our rendering results realistically exhibit fluids with enhanced details like spray, foam, and bubbles. We make comprehensive comparisons with existing works to demonstrate the effectiveness of our new method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Algorithm 1
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Enright, D., Marschner, S., Fedkiw, R.: Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 21(3), 736–744 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thuerey, N.: A single-phase free-surface Lattice Boltzmann Method. Master thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (2003)

  3. Thuerey, N., Rude, U.: Free surface lattice-Boltzmann fluid simulations with and without level sets. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Vision, Modeling and Visualization, California, USA, 2004, pp. 199–207. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bicknell, G.: The equations of motion of particles in smoothed particle hydrodynamics. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 12(5), 1198–1206 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Irving, G., Guendelman, E., Losasso, F.: Efficient simulation of large bodies of water by coupling two and three dimensional techniques. ACM Trans. Graph. 25(3), 805–811 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Thuerey, N., Rude, U., Stamminger, M.: Animation of open water phenomena with coupled shallow water and free surface simulations. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 157–164 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Thuerey, N., Rude, U.: Stable free surface flows with the lattice Boltzmann method on adaptively coarsened grids. Comput. Vis. Sci. 12(5), 247–263 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Solenthaler, B., Gross, M.: Two-scale particle simulation. ACM Trans. Graph. 30(4), 81:1–81:8 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chentanez, N., Muller, M.: Real-time simulation of large bodies of water with small scale details. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 197–206 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Losasso, F., Talton, J., Kwatra, N.: Two-way coupled SPH and particle level set fluid simulation. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 14(4), 797–804 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ihmsen, M., Akinci, N., Akinci, G., Teschner, M.: Unified spray, foam and bubbles for particle-based fluids. Vis. Comput. 28(6–8), 669–677 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jiang, G., Peng, D.: Weighted Eno schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21(6), 2126–2143 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Enright, D., Fedkiw, R., Ferziger, J., Mitchell, I.: A hybrid particle level set method for improved interface capturing. J. Comput. Phys. 183(1), 83–116 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Sethian, J.: Fast marching methods. SIAM Rev. 41(2), 199–235 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Adalsteinsson, D., Sethian, J.A.: The fast construction of extension velocities in level set methods. J. Comput. Phys. 148(1), 2–22 (1998)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Adalsteinsson, D., Sethian, J.A.: A fast level set method for propagating interfaces. J. Comput. Phys. 118(2), 269–277 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Enright, D., Losasso, F., Fedkiw, R.: A fast and accurate semi-Lagrangian particle level set method. Comput. Struct. 83(6–7), 479–490 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Kwak, Y., Kuo, C.C.J., Nakano, A.: Hybrid lattice-Boltzmann/level-set method for liquid simulation and visualization. Int. J. Comput. Sci. 3(6), 579–592 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Becker, M., Teschner, M.: Weakly compressible SPH for free surface flows. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 209–217 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Filippova, O., Hanel, D.: Grid refinement for lattice-BGK models. J. Comput. Phys. 147(11), 219–228 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Muller, M., Charypar, D., Gross, M.: Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 154–159 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper was partially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61070128, 61272199), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61190120, 61190121, and 61190125) and National Science Foundation of USA (Grant Nos. IIS0949467, IIS1047715, and IIS1049448), Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. 12ZZ042), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Shanghai Knowledge Service Platform for Trustworthy Internet of Things (Grant No. ZF1213).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang-bo Wang.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

(WMV 20.8 MB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, Cb., Zhang, Q., Kong, Fl. et al. Hybrid particle–grid fluid animation with enhanced details. Vis Comput 29, 937–947 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0849-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0849-6

Keywords

Navigation