Skip to main content
Log in

Extracting shared subspace incrementally for multi-label image classification

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The Visual Computer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the popularity of internet technology, thousands of new images with multiple labels appear on the web every day. For a large number of images updated daily on the websites, it is of ever-increasing importance to classify these new multi-label images online in real time. Accordingly, this paper presents an incremental shared subspace learning method for multi-label image classification. With the incremental lossless matrix factorization, the proposed algorithm can be incrementally performed without using original existing input data, thus high computational complexity involved in extracting the shared subspace can be avoided. Several publicly available multi-label image datasets are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is much more efficient than the non-incremental methods without decreasing the classification performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://www.public.asu.edu/~sji03/multilabel/.

References

  1. Hu, S.M., Chen, T., Xu, K., Cheng, M.M., Martin, R.R.: Internet visual media processing: a survey with graphics and vision applications. Vis. Comput. 29(5), 393–405 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tsoumakas, G., Katakis, I.: Multi-label classification: an overview. Int. J. Data Wareh. Min. 3(3), 1–13 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Zha, Z.J., Hua, X.S., Mei, T., Wang, J., Qi, G.J., Wang, Z.: Joint multi-label multi-instance learning for image classification. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–8 (2008)

  4. Chen, X., Yuan, X.T., Chen, Q., Yan, S., Chua, T.S.: Multi-label visual classification with label exclusive context. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 834–841 (2011)

  5. Pang, Y., Ma, Z., Yuan, Y., Li, X., Wang, K.: Multimodal learning for multi-label image classification. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 1797–1800 (2011)

  6. Zhang, X., Cheng, J., Xu, C., Lu, H., Ma, S.: Multi-view multi-label active learning for image classification. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 1797–1800 (2011)

  7. Everingham, M., Van Gool, L., Williams, C., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The PASCAL visual object classes, Challenge 2007 (VOC2007)

  8. Huiskes, M.J., Lew, M.S.: Multi-view multi-label active learning for image classification. ACM International Conference on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 39–43 (2008)

  9. Guillaumin, M., Verbeek, J., Schmid, C.: Multiple instance metric learning from automatically labeled bags of faces. European conference on Computer Vision, pp. 634–647 (2010)

  10. Boutell, M.R., Luo, J., Shen, X., Brown, C.M.: Learning multi-label scene classification. Pattern Recognit. 37(9), 1757–1771 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ji, S., Tang, L., Yu, S., Ye, J.: Extracting shared subspace for multi-label classification. In: Proceeding of the 14th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 381–389 (2008)

  12. Ji, S., Tang, L., Yu, S., Ye, J.: A shared-subspace learning framework for multi-label classification. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 4(2), 8 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ueda, N., Saito, K.: Parametric mixture models for multi-labeled text. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 721C728, (2002)

  14. Hotelling, H.: Relations between two sets of variates, 28(3/4), 321–377 (1936) Biometrika

  15. Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T., Bibby, J.M.: Multivariate analysis. Academic Press (1979)

  16. Haenlein, M., Kaplan, A.M.: A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis. Underst. Stat. 3(4), 283–297 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Arenas-García, J., Petersen, K.B., Hansen, L.K.: Sparse kernel orthonormalized PLS for feature extraction in large data sets. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19, 33–40 (2007)

  18. Yang, F., Li, B.: Unsupervised learning of spatial structures shared among images. Vis. Comput. 28(2), 175–180 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vázquez, P.P., Marco, J.: Using normalized compression distance for image similarity measurement: an experimental study. Vis. Comput. 28(11), 1063–1084 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ando, R.K., Zhang, T.: A framework for learning predictive structures from multiple tasks and unlabeled data. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 6(2), 1817–1853 (2005)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen, G., Deng, Q., Szymczak, A., Laramee, R.S., Zhang, E.: Morse Set Classification and Hierarchical Refinement Using Conley Index. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 18(5), 767–782 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Golub, G.H., Van Loan, C.F.: Matrix Computations. The Johns Hopkins University Press (1996)

  23. Zha, H., Simon, H.D.: On updating problems in latent semantic indexing. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 21(2), 782–791 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhao, H.T., Yuen, P.C., Kwok, J.: A novel incremental principal component analysis and its application for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 36(4), 873–886 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hoerl, A., Kennard, R.: Ridge regression: biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems. Technometrics 12(3), 55–67 (1970)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Hoerl, A.E.: Application of ridge analysis to regression problems. Chem. Eng. Progr. 58(3), 54–59 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Burges, C.J.C.: A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition. Data Min. Knowl. Dis. 2(2), 121–167 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hsu, C.W., Lin, C.J.: Comparison of methods for multiclass support vector machines. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 13(2), 415–425 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Joachims, T.: Transductive inference for text classification using support vector machines. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 200–209 (1999)

  30. Zhang, L., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Z.: Incremental shared subspace learning for multi-label classification. In: The Computational Visual Media 2012, LNCS 7633 Proceedings, 138 (2012)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by 973 Program (No. 2012CB316400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61025013, No. 61172129), PCSIRT (No. 201206), NCET (No. 13-0661, No. 4112043) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2012JBZ012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yao Zhao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, L., Zhao, Y. & Zhu, Z. Extracting shared subspace incrementally for multi-label image classification. Vis Comput 30, 1359–1371 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0891-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0891-4

Keywords

Navigation