Abstract
A fully automatic iterative training approach for the generation of discriminative shape models for usage in the Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) is presented. The method aims at capturing the shape variability of the target object contained in the training data as well as identifying confusable structures (anti-shapes) and integrating this information into one model. To distinguish shape and anti-shape points and to determine their importance, an individual positive or negative weight is estimated for each model point by means of a discriminative training technique. The model is built from edge points surrounding the target point and the most confusable structure as identified by the GHT. Through an iterative approach, the performance of the model is gradually improved by extending the training dataset with images, where the current model failed to localize the target point. The proposed method is successfully tested on a set of 670 long-leg radiographs, where it achieves a localization rate of 74–97% for the respective tasks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballard DH (1981) Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recogn 13(2):111–122
Beyerlein P (1998) Discriminative model combination. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing. IEEE Press, New York, pp 481–484
Deselaers T, Keysers D, Ney H (2005) Improving a discriminative approach to object recognition using image patches. In: 27th annual symposium of the German association for pattern recognition. LNCS, vol 3663. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 326–333
Gall J, Lempitsky V (2009) Class-specific Hough forests for object detection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE Press, New York
Gooßen A, Schlüter M, Pralow T, Grigat RR (2010) A stitching algorithm for automatic registration of digital radiographs. In: International conference on image analysis and recognition. LNCS, vol 5112. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 854–862
Gooßen A, Hermann E, Gernoth T, Pralow T, Grigat RR (2010) Model-based lower limb segmentation using weighted multiple candidates. In: Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin. Springer, Berlin, pp 276–280
Heimann T, Münziger S, Meinzer HP et al. (2007) A shape-guided deformable model with evolutionary algorithm initialization for 3D soft tissue segmentation. In: International conference on information processing in medical imaging, pp 1–12
Heimann T, van Ginneken B, Styner M et al. (2009) Comparison and evaluation of methods for liver segmentation from CT datasets. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 28(8):1251–1265
Jaynes ET (1957) Information theory and statistical mechanics. Phys Rev 106(4):620–630
Lee Y, Hara T, Fujita H, Itoh S, Ishigaki T (2001) Automated detection of pulmonary nodules in helical CT images based on an improved template-matching technique. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20(7):595–604
Leibe B, Leonardis A, Schiele B (2008) Robust object detection with interleaved categorization and segmentation. Int J Comput Vis 77(1–3):259–289
Maji S, Malik J (2009) Object detection using a max-margin Hough transform. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE Press, New York, pp 1038–1045
Recuero ABM, Beyerlein P, Schramm H (2008) Discriminative optimization of 3D shape models for the Generalized Hough transform. In: AMIES Kiel
Ruppertshofen H, Lorenz C, Beyerlein P, Salah Z, Rose G, Schramm H (2010) Fully automatic model creation for object localization utilizing the Generalized Hough transform. In: Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin. Springer, Berlin, pp 281–285
Schramm H, Ecabert O, Peters J et al. (2006) Towards fully automatic object detection and segmentation. In: SPIE medical imaging 2006: image processing, p 614402
Seghers D, Slagmolen P, Lambelin Y et al. (2007) Landmark based liver segmentation using local shape and local intensity models. In: MICCAI workshop on 3D segmentation in the clinic: a grand challenge. Springer, Berlin, pp 135–142
Zheng Y, Georgescu B, Comaniciu D (2009) Marginal space learning for efficient detection of 2D/3D anatomical structures in medical images. In: 21st international conference on information processing in medical imaging. LNCS, vol 5636. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 411–422
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruppertshofen, H., Lorenz, C., Schmidt, S. et al. Discriminative Generalized Hough transform for localization of joints in the lower extremities. Comput Sci Res Dev 26, 97–105 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-010-0137-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00450-010-0137-x