Skip to main content
Log in

Granular autoencoders: concepts and design

  • Foundations
  • Published:
Soft Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Autoencoders are regarded as one of the key functional components of deep learning architectures. In this study, we augment the well-known architectures of autoencoders by incorporating a concept of information granularity, which gives rise to so-called granular autoencoders. It is demonstrated that information granularity can be sought as an essential design asset whose optimal allocation produces the autoencoder with better representation capabilities. Several protocols of allocation of information granularity are presented and assessed with regard to their abilities to represent the data. Selected examples including those dealing with clustering time series are included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Hmouz R, Pedrycz W, Balamash A, Morfeq A (2015) Description and classification of granular time series. Soft Comput 19:1003–1017

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek JC (1981) Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms. Plenum Press, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bratton D, Kennedy J (2007) Defining a standard for particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE swarm intelligence symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 2007

  • Cano C, Adarve L, López J, Blanco A (2007) Possibilistic approach for biclustering microarray data. Comput Biol Med 37(10):1426–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Zhang Z, Eyben F, Schuller B (2014) Autoencoder-based unsupervised domain adaptation for speech emotion recognition. IEEE Signal Process Lett 21:1068–1072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gacek A, Pedrycz W (2015) Clustering granular data and their characterization with information granules of higher type. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(4):850–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao S, Zhang Y, Jia K, Lu J, Zhang Y (2015) Single sample face recognition via learning deep supervised autoencoders. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 10:2108–2118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Q, Jia J, Shen G, Zhang L, Cai L, Yi Z (2016) Learning robust uniform features for cross-media social data by using cross autoencoders. Knowl Based Syst 102:64–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy J, Eberhart RC (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on neural networks, pp 1942–1948

  • LeCun Y, Bengio Y (1995) Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, vol 336, no 100, pp 1–14

  • LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521(7553):436–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leng J, Chen Q, Mao N, Jiang P (2018) Combining granular computing technique with deep learning for service planning under social manufacturing contexts. Knowl Based Syst 143:295–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrycz W (2013) Granular computing: analysis and design of intelligent systems. CRC Press/Francis Taylor, Boca Raton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrycz W, Gomide F (2007) Fuzzy systems engineering: toward human–centric computing. Wiley, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrycz W, Homenda W (2013) Building the fundamentals of granular computing: a principle of justifiable granularity. Appl Soft Comput 13(10):4209–4218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedrycz W, Al-Hmouz R, Morfeq A, Balamash A (2013) The design of free structure granular mappings: the use of the principle of justifiable granularity. IEEE Trans Cybern 43(6):2105–2113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pontes B, Giráldez R, Aguilar-Ruiz JS (2015) Biclustering on expression data: a review. J Biomed Inf 57:163–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salakhutdinov R, Hinton G (2012) An efficient learning procedure for deep Boltzmann machines. Neural Comput 24:1967–2006

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidhuber J (2015) Deep learning in neural networks: an overview. Neural Netw 61:85–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Bergh F, Engelbrecht AP (2006) A study of particle swarm optimization particle trajectories. Inf Sci 176(8):937–971

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Vu D, Aitkin M (2015) Variational algorithms for biclustering models. Comput Stat Data Anal 89:12–24

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xia C, Qi F, Shi G (2016) Bottom-up visual saliency estimation with deep autoencoder-based sparse reconstruction. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 27:1227–1240

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Zadeh LA (1997) Towards a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy Sets Syst 90(2):111–117

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (KEP-5-135-39). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR technical and financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rami Al-Hmouz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Communicated by A. Di Nola.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pedrycz, W., Al-Hmouz, R., Balamash, A. et al. Granular autoencoders: concepts and design. Soft Comput 23, 9869–9880 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-03916-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-03916-5

Keywords

Navigation