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Cross-sample entropy for the study of coordinated brain activity in calm and distress conditions with electroencephalographic recordings

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Abstract

Traditionally, the brain has been studied as an ensemble of independent structures with determined functions. However, it has been demonstrated that the brain operates as a network in which all regions are interconnected. Apart from physical links, the brain presents functional associations between non-physically connected regions that work synchronized in a common mental process. For this reason, the study of functional connectivity is essential to reveal new insights about brain’s behavior. In this work, a nonlinear functional connectivity metric called cross-sample entropy is applied for the first time to emotions recognition. Concretely, it has been computed for the detection of distress because of being one of the most influencing emotions in developed societies with several negative implications for health. Results reveal a strong coordinated activity between channels in central, parietal and occipital areas in each brain hemisphere separately, and also in the inter-hemispheric interactions among the same regions. Moreover, an augmented amount of similar dynamics under distress conditions in all brain regions with respect to a calm state reveals an increase in self-coordination of brain activity in distressful situations.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/European Regional Development Fund (FEDER, UE) under DPI2016-440 80894-R, PID2019-106084RB-I00, and 2018/11744 Grants, by Castilla-La Mancha Regional Government/FEDER, UE under SBPLY/17/180501/000192 Grant, and by Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health (CIBERSAM) of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Beatriz García-Martínez holds FPU16/03740 scholarship from Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain

    Beatriz García-Martínez & Antonio Fernández-Caballero

  2. Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain

    Beatriz García-Martínez & Antonio Fernández-Caballero

  3. CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain

    Antonio Fernández-Caballero

  4. Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, Escuela Politécnica de Cuenca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain

    Raúl Alcaraz

  5. Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain

    Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo

  6. Instituto de Tecnologías Audiovisuales de Castilla-La Mancha, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain

    Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo

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  1. Beatriz García-Martínez
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Correspondence to Arturo Martínez-Rodrigo.

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García-Martínez, B., Fernández-Caballero, A., Alcaraz, R. et al. Cross-sample entropy for the study of coordinated brain activity in calm and distress conditions with electroencephalographic recordings. Neural Comput & Applic 33, 9343–9352 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-05694-4

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