Abstract
A training algorithm for the Neural Network solution of Singular Perturbation Boundary Value Problems is presented. The solution is based on a single hidden layer feed forward Neural Network with a small number of neurons. The training algorithm adapts the training points grid so to be more tense in areas of the integration interval that solution has a layer or a peek. The algorithm automatically detects the areas of interest in the integration interval. The resulted Neural Network solutions are very accurate in a uniform way. The numerical tests in various test problems justify our arguments as the produced solutions prove to give smaller errors compare to their competitors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hao M, Zhang W, Wang Y, Lu G, Wang F, Vasilakos AV (2021) Fine-grained powercap allocation for power-constrained systems based on multi-objective machine learning. IEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst 32(7):1789–1801
Simos TE (ed) (2011) Recent advances in computational and applied mathematics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9981-5
Romberts SM (1982) A boundary value technique for singular perturbation problems. J Math Anal Appl 87:489–508
Surla K, Stojanovic M (1988) Solving singularly perturbed boundary-value problems by spline in tension. J Comp Appl Math 24:355–363
Khan A, Khan I, Aziz T, Stojanovic M (2004) A variable-mesh approximation method for singularly perturbed boundary-value problems using cubic spline in tension. Int J Comput Math 81(12):1513–1518. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207160412331284169
Dogan N, Erturk VS, Akin O (2012) Numerical treatment of singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems by using differential transformation method, Disc Dyn Nat Soc 2012:10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/579431 (Article ID 579431)
Kadalbajoo MK, Reddy YN (1987) Numerical solution of singular perturbation problems by a terminal boundary-value technique. J Opt Theory Appl 52(2)
Mishra HK, Saini S (2014) Various numerical methods for singularly perturbed boundary value problems. Am J Appl Math Stat 2(3):129–142. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-2-3-7
Ascher UM, Mattheij RMM, Russel ED (1998) Numerical solution of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations. SIAM
Shampibe LF, Gladwell I, Thomson S (2003) Solving ODEs with Matlab. Cambridge University Press
Cybenko G (1989) Approximation to superpositions of a sigmodial fucntion. Math Control Sig Syst 2:303–314
Hornik K (1991) Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks. Neural Net 4(2):251–257
Lagaris IE, Fotiadis A, Likas DI (1998) Artificial neural networks for solving ordinary and partial differential equations. IEEE Trans Neural Net 9(5):987–1000
Lagari PL, Tsoukalas LH, Safarkhami SA, Lagaris IE (2020) Systematic construction of neural forms for solving partial differential equations inside rectangular domains, subject to initial, boundary and interface conditions. Int J Artif Intell Tools 29(5):2050009. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218213020500098 (12 pages)
Mall S, Chakraverty S (2016) Application of Legendre Neural Network for solving ordinary differential equations. App Soft Comp 43:347–356
Mall S, Chakraverty S (2015) Numerical solution of nonlinear singular initial value problems of Emden-Fowler type using Chebyschev neural network method. Neurocomputing 149:975–982
Fang J, Liu C, Simos TE, Famelis IT (2020) Neural network solution of single delay differential equations. Mediterranean J Math. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-019-1452-5
Hou C-C, Simos TE, Famelis IT (2019) Neural network solution of pantograph type differential equations. Math Meth Appl Sci 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.6126
Yadav N, Yadav A, Kumar M (2015) An introduction to Neural Network Methods for differential equations. Springer
Kaloutsa V, Famelis ITh (2020) On the neural network solution of stiff initial value problems. AIP Conf Proc 2293:420018. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0026823
Famelis ITh, Kaloutsa V (2021) Parameterized neural network training for the solution of a class of stiff initial value systems. Neural Comput Appl 33:3363–3370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05201-1
Yu H, Wilamowski BM (2011) In: Wilamowski BM, David Irwin J (eds) Intelligent systems. CRC Press, pp. 12-1–12-16
Cun YL (2019) Efficient learning and second–order methods. Adaptive Systems Research Dept, AT&T Bell Laboratories , Holmdel, NJ, USA, http://www-labs.iro.umontreal.ca/~vincentp/ift3390/lectures/YannNipsTutorial.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2019
Wang S, Jin X, Mao S, Vasilakos AV, Tang Y (2021) Model-free event-triggered optimal consensus control of multiple Euler-Lagrange systems via reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 8(1):246–258
Wu M, Xiong N, Vasilakos AV, Leung VCM, Chen CLP (2020) RNN-K: a reinforced Newton method for consensus-based distributed optimization and control over multiagent systems. IEEE Trans Cybern. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2020.3011819
Matlab (2020) MATLAB version 7.10.0. Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc
Liu X et al (2021) Privacy and security issues in deep learning: a survey. IEEE Access 9:4566–4593
Chen J, Zhou J, Cao Z, Vasilakos AV, Dong X, Choo KR (2020) Lightweight privacy-preserving training and evaluation for discretized neural networks. IEEE Int Things J 7(4):2663–2678
Hemker PW (1977) A numerical study of stiff two-point boundary value problems. Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam
Cash JR (1989) A comparison of some global methods for solving two-point boundary value problems. Appl Math Comput 31:449–462
Lentini M, Pereyra V (1977) An adaptive Fnite difference solver for nonlinear two-point boundary value problems with mild boundary layers, SIAM. J Numer Anal 14:91–111
Cash JR, Wright MH (1989) A deferred correction method for nonlinear two-point boundary value problems: implementation and numerical evaluation. SIAM J Sci Stat Comput 12:971–989
Maier MR (1985) Numerical solution of singularly perturbed boundary value problems using a collocation method with tension splines. In: Ascher U, Russell RD (eds) Numerical boundary value ordinary differential equations. Birkhauser, Boston, MA, pp. 207–225
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Simos, T.E., Famelis, I.T. A neural network training algorithm for singular perturbation boundary value problems. Neural Comput & Applic 34, 607–615 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06364-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06364-1