Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A load balanced location service for location information management of multi-sink Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In many applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the network has a few mobile sinks in addition to a large number of static sensor nodes that gather information from their surrounding environment. The static sensor nodes in such applications use a location service to find the location of a mobile sink. Most of the proposed location services are useful in mobile ad hoc networks and are not efficient for WSNs. Furthermore, new protocols specifically designed for WSNs are not load balanced. Some sensor nodes relay more packets and deplete their energy quickly, hence reducing the network lifetime dramatically. In this paper, we propose a location service called Load Balanced Location Service (LBLS) for WSNs containing a few mobile sinks. LBLS selects four nodes in the network outline and only uses the location of these nodes. LBLS do not deplete the energy of specific nodes comparing to other mechanisms that forward location information messages toward selected nodes. We formally prove that in LBLS every sensor node can always locate any mobile node in the network. By using exhaustive simulation, we show that LBLS is a load balanced location service. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of LBLS regarding the load balancing factor compared to most available related location services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Paradis L, Han Q (2007) A survey of fault management in wireless sensor networks. J Netw Syst Manag 15(2):171–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ahn G-S, Miluzzo E, Campbell AT, Hong SG, Cuomo F (2006) Funneling-MAC: a localized, sink-oriented MAC for boosting fidelity in sensor networks. In: ACM SenSys, pp. 293–306

  3. Tunca C, Isik S, Donmez MY, Ersoy C (2014) Distributed mobile sink routing for wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 16(2):877–897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kacimi R, Dhaou R, Beylot AL (2013) Load balancing techniques for lifetime maximizing in wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw 11(8):2172–2186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Anastasi G, Conti M, Di Francesco M, Passarella A (2009) Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: a survey. Ad Hoc Netw 7(3):537–568

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Luo J, Panchard J, Piórkowski M, Grossglauser M, Hubaux JP (2006) MobiRoute: routing towards a mobile sink for improving lifetime in sensor networks. In: IEEE international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems, vol 4026 LNCS, pp 480–497

  7. Wang ZM, Basagni S, Melachrinoudis E, Petrioli C (2005) Exploiting sink mobility for maximizing sensor networks lifetime. In: Annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, p 287

  8. Konstantopoulos C, Pantziou G, Gavalas D, Mpitziopoulos A, Mamalis B (2012) A rendezvous-based approach enabling energy-efficient sensory data collection with mobile Sinks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(5):809–817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen C, Ma J, Yu K (2006) Designing energy-efficient wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. In: ACM international workshop on world-sensor-web: mobile device centric sensory networks and applications, pp 1–6

  10. Sedighian Kashi S, Sharifi M (2013) Connectivity weakness impacts on coordination in wireless sensor and actor networks. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 15(1):145–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tang J, Huang H, Guo S, Yang Y (2015) Dellat: delivery latency minimization in wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. J Parallel Distrib Comput 83:133–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Khan AW, Abdullah AH, Anisi MH, Bangash JI (2014) A comprehensive study of data collection schemes using mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. Sensors 14(2):2510–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Misra R, Mandal C (2005) Performance comparison of AODV/DSR on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks in constrained situation. In: IEEE international conference on personal wireless communications, pp 86–89

  14. Chen G, Branch J, Szymanski B (2006) A self-selection technique for flooding and routing in wireless ad-hoc networks. J Netw Syst Manag 14(3):359–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Weeks M, Altun G (2006) Efficient, secure, dynamic source routing for ad-hoc networks. J Netw Syst Manag 14(4):559–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu J (2006) On a self-organizing multipath routing protocol in mobile wireless networks. J Netw Syst Manag 14(1):103–126

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Miles J, Kamath G, Muknahallipatna S, Stefanovic M, Kubichek RF (2013) Optimal trajectory determination of a single moving beacon for efficient localization in a mobile ad-hoc network. Ad Hoc Netw 11(1):238–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mao G, Fidan B, Anderson BDO (2007) Wireless sensor network localization techniques. Comput Netw 51(10):2529–2553

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Xiao BX Bin, Chen HCH, Zhou SZS (2008) Distributed localization using a moving beacon in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 19(5):587–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ou CH, Ssu KF (2008) Sensor position determination with flying anchors in three-dimensional wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 7(9):1184–1197

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liu M-Y, Li W-B, Pei X (2010) Convex optimization algorithms for cooperative localization in autonomous underwater vehicles. Acta Autom Sin 36(5):704–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Das SM, Pucha H, Hu YC (2005) Performance comparison of scalable location services for geographic ad hoc routing. In: Annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies, pp 1228–1239

  23. Lee E, Yu F, Park S, Kim SH (2010) Sink location service based on circle and line paths in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Commun Lett 14(8):710–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Liao WH, Shih K Pi, Wu WC (2010) A grid-based dynamic load balancing approach for data-centric storage in wireless sensor networks. Comput Electr Eng 36(1):19–30

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Abraham I, Dolev D, Malkhi D (2004) LLS: a locality aware location service for mobile ad hoc networks. In: Joint workshop on foundations of mobile computing, pp 75–84

  26. Haenggi M (2003) Energy-balancing strategies for wireless sensor networks. In: International symposium on circuits and systems, pp 828–831

  27. Petrioli C, Nati M, Casari P, Zorzi M, Basagni S (2014) ALBA-R: load-balancing geographic routing around connectivity holes in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 25(3):529–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen CP, Mukhopadhyay SC, Chuang CL, Liu MY, Jiang JA (2015) Efficient coverage and connectivity preservation with load balance for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sens J 15(1):48–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Stojmenovic I, Liu D, Jia X (2008) A scalable quorum-based location service in ad hoc and sensor networks. Int J Commun Netw Distrib Syst 1(1):71–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhou S, Chen Y (2014) Control theory-based load balancing for wireless sensor network. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 2014:212384-1–212384-8

  31. Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H (2000) Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, pp 3005–3014

  32. Tyagi S, Kumar N (2013) A systematic review on clustering and routing techniques based upon LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks. J Netw Comput Appl 36(2):623–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. He J, Ji S, Pan Y, Cai Z (2013) Approximation algorithms for load-balanced virtual backbone construction in wireless sensor networks. Theor Comput Sci 507:2–16

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. He J, Ji S, Pan Y, Li Y (2014) Constructing load-balanced data aggregation trees in probabilistic wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 25(7):1681–1690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Friedman R, Korland G (2005) Timed grid routing (TIGR) bites off energy. In: ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp 438–448

  36. Das SM, Pucha H, Hu YC (2007) On the scalability of rendezvous-based location services for geographic wireless ad hoc routing. Comput Netw 51(13):3693–3714

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Nayak A, Stojmenović I (2009) Wireless sensor and actuator networks: algorithms and protocols for scalable coordination and data communication. Wiley, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Li J, Jannotti J, De Couto D, Karger D, Morris R (2000) A scalable location service for geographic ad-hoc routing. In: 6th ACM international conference on mobile computing and networking, pp 120–130

  39. Nidito F, Battelli M, Basagni S (2007) Fault-tolerant and load balancing localization of services in wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE vehicular technology conference, pp 382–386

  40. Stojmenovic I, Pena P (1999) A scalable quorum based location update scheme for routing in ad hoc wireless networks. SITE, University of Ottawa, Technical Report TR-99-09

  41. Liu D, Stojmenovic I, Jia X (2006) A scalable quorum based location service in ad hoc and sensor networks. In: IEEE international conference on mobile ad-hoc and sensor systems, pp 489–492

  42. Bose P, Morin P, Stojmenović I, Urrutia J (2001) Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks. Wirel Netw 7(6):609–616

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Liu D, Jia X, Stojmenović I (2007) Quorum and connected dominating sets based location service in wireless ad hoc, sensor and actuator networks. Comput Commun 30(18):3627–3643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Li X, Nayak A, Stojmenovic I (2010) Location service in sensor and mobile actuator networks. In: Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks: Algorithms and Protocols for Scalable Coordination and Data Communication. Book Section, Wiley

  45. Zhao Z, Zhang B, Zheng J, Yan Y, Ma J (2009) Providing scalable location service in wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. IET Commun 3(10):1628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Luo H, Ye F, Cheng J, Lu S, Zhang L (2005) TTDD: two-tier data dissemination in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Wirel Netw 11(1–2):161–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Shim G, Park D (2006) Locators of mobile sinks for wireless sensor networks. In: International conference on parallel processing workshops, pp 159–164

  48. Li X, Santoro N, Stojmenovic I (2009) Localized distance-sensitive service discovery in wireless sensor and actor networks. IEEE Trans Comput 58(9):1275–1288

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Cai Z, Ren X, Hao G, Chen B, Xue Z (2011) Survey on wireless sensor and actor network. In: World congress on intelligent control and automation, pp 788–793

  50. Yu F, Park S, Lee E, Choi Y, Kim SH (2009) QSLS: efficient quorum based sink location service for geographic routing in irregular wireless sensor networks. IEICE Trans Commun E 92B(12):3935–3938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Yu F, Hu G, Park S, Lee E, Kim SH (2012) Quorum based sink location service for irregular wireless sensor networks. Comput Commun 35(12):1422–1432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Lee E, Yu F, Park S, Kim S, Noh Y, Lee E (2014) Design and analysis of novel quorum-based sink location service scheme in wireless sensor networks. Wirel Netw 20(3):493–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Ahmed N, Kanhere SS, Jha S (2007) Efficient boundary estimation for practical deployment of mobile sensors in hybrid sensor networks. In: IEEE international conference on mobile ad hoc and sensor systems, pp 662–667

  54. Hatcher A (2002) Algebraic topology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr. Mohsen Sharifi at Iran University of Science and Technology and Dr. Amin Nikanjam at K. N. Toosi University of Technology for their helpful support in the conduct of our research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Sedighian Kashi

Authors
  1. Saeed Sedighian Kashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saeed Sedighian Kashi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sedighian Kashi, S. A load balanced location service for location information management of multi-sink Wireless Sensor Networks. Computing 100, 93–117 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-017-0567-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-017-0567-4

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Search

Navigation