Skip to main content
Log in

Visualization of variability and configuration options

  • SW-Diversity
  • Published:
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

When designing, constructing, and maintaining diverse and variable software systems, a key challenge is the complexity of systems. A potential approach to tackle this challenge are techniques from variability management and product line engineering to handle the diversity and variability. A key asset in variability management is a variability model, which explicitly specifies the commonalities and variability of a system and the constraints between variants. However, handling variability and configurations remains a challenge due to the complexity on a cognitive level as human engineers reach their limits in identifying, understanding, and using all relevant details. In this paper we address this issue by providing concepts for interactive visual tool support for the configuration of systems with the help of feature models. We discuss relevant principles from the area of information visualization and their application to the domain of feature model configuration. We discuss techniques for interactive configuration support based on a reasoning engine, which, e.g., ensures the validity of configurations. We illustrate our findings by a concrete tool solution called S2T2 Configurator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Berger, T., She, S., Lotufo, R., Wasowski, A., Czarnecki, K.: Variability modeling in the real: a perspective from the operating systems domain. In: 25th International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp. 73–82. Antwerp, Belgium, ACM (2010)

  2. Botterweck, G., Janota, M., Schneeweiss, D.: A design of a configurable feature model configurator. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems (VAMOS 09), pp. 165–168, January 2009

  3. Botterweck, G., Schneeweiss, D., Pleuss, A.: Interactive techniques to support the configuration of complex feature models. In: 1st International Workshop on Model-Driven Product Line Engineering (MDPLE 2009), Held in Conjunction with ECMDA 2009. Twente, The Netherlands, June 2009

  4. Card S.K., MacKinlay J.D., Shneiderman B.: Readings in Information Visualization—Using Vision to Think, 1st edn. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cawley, C., Healy, P., Thiel, S., Botterweck, G.: Research tool to support feature configuration in software product lines. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems (VAMOS 2010), pp. 179–182. Linz, Austria, January 2010

  6. Clements P., Northrop L.M.: Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns. The SEI Series in Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Czarnecki K., Helsen S., Eisenecker U.: Formalizing cardinality-based feature models and their specialization. Softw. Process Improv. Pract. 10(1), 7–29 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Czarnecki, K., Wasowski, A.: Feature diagrams and logics: there and back again. In: SPLC ’07: Proceedings of the 11th International Software Product Line Conference (SPLC 2007), pp. 23–34. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2007)

  9. Deursen A., Klint P.: Domain-specific language design requires feature descriptions. J. Comput. Inf. Technol. 10(1), 1–17 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Dhungana, D., Rabiser, R., Grünbacher, P.: Decision-oriented modeling of product line architectures. In: WICSA ’07: Proceedings of the Sixth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture, p. 22. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2007)

  11. Herman I., Melançon G., Marshall M.S.: Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: a survey. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 6(1), 24–43 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hoover, C.: A methodology for determining response time baselines. In: International CMG Conference, pp. 85–94. Computer Measurement Group (2006)

  13. Janota, M.: SAT Solving in Interactive Configuration. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University College Dublin (2010)

  14. Kang, K.C., Cohen, S.G., Hess, J.A., Novak, W.E., Peterson, A.S.: Feature oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. SEI Technical Report CMU/SEI-90-TR-21, ADA 235785. Software Engineering Institute, November 1990

  15. Kobsa, A.: User experiments with tree visualization systems. In: INFOVIS ’04: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, pp. 9–16. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2004)

  16. Lee, K., Botterweck, G., Thiel, S.: Aspectual separation of feature dependencies for flexible feature composition. In: 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2009). Seattle, WA, July 2009

  17. Munzner T.: Drawing large graphs with h3viewer and site manager. In: Whitesides, S. (ed) Graph Drawing, Vol. 1547. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 384–393. Springer, Berlin (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Nestor, D., O’Malley, L., Healy, P., Quigley, A., Thiel, S.: Visualisation techniques to support derivation tasks in software product line development. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, CASCON ’07, pp. 315–325. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2007)

  19. Nöhrer, A., Egyed, A.: C2o: a tool for guided decision-making. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, ASE ’10, pp. 363–364. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2010)

  20. Nöhrer, A., Egyed, A.: Optimizing user guidance during decision-making. In: 15th International Software Product Line Conference (SPLC 2011) (2011)

  21. Plaisant, C., Grosjean, J., Bederson, B.B.: Spacetree: Supporting exploration in large node link tree, design evolution and empirical evaluation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’02), INFOVIS ’02. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 57–64 (2002)

  22. Pleuss, A., Botterweck, G., Dhungana, D., Polzer, A., Kowalewski, S.: Model-driven support for product line evolution on feature level (available online, in press). J. Syst. Softw. JSS Spec. Issue Autom. Softw. Evol. (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.08.008

  23. Pleuss, A., Rabiser, R., Botterweck, G.: Visualization techniques for application in interactive product configuration. In: Joint Workshop of the 3rd International Workshop on Model-driven Approaches in Software Product Line Engineering and the 3rd Workshop on Scalable Modeling Techniques for Software Product Lines (MAPLE/SCALE 2011). ACM, Munich, Germany, August 2011

  24. Pohl K., Boeckle G., van der Linden F.: Software Product Line Engineering: Foundations, Principles, and Techniques. Springer, New York (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Polzer A., Merschen D., Botterweck G., Pleuss A., Thomas J., Hedenetz B., Kowalewski S.: Managing complexity and variability of a model-based embedded software product line. Innov. Syst. Softw. Eng. ISSE 8(1), 35–49 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Rabiser R.: Flexible and user-centered visualization support for product derivation. In: Thiel, S., Pohl, K. (eds) SPLC (2), pp. 323–328. Lero Int Science Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rabiser R., Grünbacher P., Dhungana D.: Requirements for product derivation support: results from a systematic literature review and an expert survey. Inf. Softw. Technol. 52(3), 324–346 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Robertson, G.G., Cameron, K., Czerwinski, M.P., Robbins, D.: Polyarchy visualization: visualizing multiple intersecting hierarchies. In: ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Visualizing Patterns, pp. 423–430. ACM Press (2002)

  29. Robertson, G.G., Czerwinski, M.P., Churchill, J.E.: Visualization of mappings between schemas. In: CHI ’05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 431–439. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2005)

  30. Schneeweiss, D., Botterweck, G.: Using flow maps to visualize product attributes during feature configuration. In: VISPLE 2010. Jeju Island, Korea, September 2010

  31. Schobbens, P.-Y., Heymans, P., Trigaux, J.-C.: Feature diagrams: a survey and a formal semantics. In: 14th IEEE International on Requirements Engineering Conference. RE 2006, pp. 136–145 (2006)

  32. Seinturier, L., Merle, P., Fournier, D., Schiavoni, V., Demarey, C., Dolet, N., Petitprez, N.: OW2 FraSCAti user guide. Technical Report, OW2 Consortium (2011)

  33. She, S., Lotufo, R., Berger, T., Wasowski, A., Czarnecki, K.: The variability model of the linux kernel. In: VaMoS, Vol. 37. ICB-Research Report, pp. 45–51. Universität Duisburg-Essen (2010)

  34. Shneiderman B.: Tree visualization with tree-maps: 2-d space-filling approach. ACM Trans. Graph. 11, 92–99 (1992)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Shneiderman, B.: The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. In: IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, pp. 336–343. IEEE Computer Society, Boulder, CO, USA (1996)

  36. Spence R.: Information Visualization. Addison Wesley, Reading (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Thiel, S., Rabiser, R., Dhungana, D., Cawley, C.: 3rd International workshop on visualisation in software product line engineering (VISPLE 2010). In: Bosch, J., Lee, J. (eds.) Software Product Lines: Going Beyond, Vol. 6287. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 527–527. Springer, Berlin (2010)

  38. Trinidad, P., Ruiz-Cortés, A., Benavides, D., Segura, S.: Three-dimensional feature diagrams visualization. In: 2nd International Workshop on Visualisation in Software Product Line Engineering (ViSPLE 2008), Collocated With the 12th International Software Product Line Conference (SPLC 2008), pp. 295–302. Lero, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland (2008)

  39. Tufte E.R.: Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Graphics Press, Cheshire (1997)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Voelter, M., Groher, I.: Product line implementation using aspect-oriented and model-driven software development. In: 11th International Software Product Line Conference (SPLC 2007). Kyoto, Japan, September 2007

  41. Ware C.: Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technology, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2004)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Pleuss.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pleuss, A., Botterweck, G. Visualization of variability and configuration options. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 14, 497–510 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-012-0252-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-012-0252-z

Keywords

Navigation