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Analysis of position based watermarking

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Abstract

This paper extends the position based watermarking (PBW) technique introduced by Borges and Mayer (Position based watermarkings, 2003) and provides a detailed performance analysis considering additive white Gaussian noise and collusion attacks. We significantly improve the tradeoff between fidelity and robustness of our previous research on this subject by exploiting the informed embedding and informed coding paradigms. In contrast to traditional watermarking approaches such as least significant bit embedding, spread spectrum modulation and dirty paper codes, the content of the embedded watermark blocks do not need to carry information. Our unique approach maps the information according to specific locations in the image where we embed small watermark blocks. We provide theoretical analyses and experimental results to compare with the performance of the spread spectrum technique. These analyses and experiments confirm our superior tradeoff between robustness and transparency and also show the superior robustness of PBW to collusion attacks.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. Additionally, we would like to thank the financial support provided by CNPq, through Process No. 141078/2004-9.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LPDS: Research Laboratory on Digital Signal Processing, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario, Trindade, 88.040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil

    Paulo Vinicius Koerich Borges & Joceli Mayer

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  1. Paulo Vinicius Koerich Borges
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  2. Joceli Mayer
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Correspondence to Paulo Vinicius Koerich Borges.

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Borges, P.V.K., Mayer, J. Analysis of position based watermarking. Pattern Anal Applic 9, 70–82 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0026-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0026-x

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