Skip to main content
Log in

An MPEC approach to second-best toll pricing

  • Published:
Mathematical Programming Submit manuscript

Abstract.

This paper addresses two second-best toll pricing problems, one with fixed and the other with elastic travel demands, as mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. Several equivalent nonlinear programming formulations for the two problems are discussed. One formulation leads to properties that are of interest to transportation economists. Another produces an algorithm that is capable of solving large problems and easy to implement with existing software for linear and nonlinear programming problems. Numerical results using transportation networks from the literature are also presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arnott, R., Small, K.: The economics of traffic congestion. Am. Sci. 20 (2), 123–127 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Auchmuty, G.: Variational principles for variational inequalities. Numer. Func. Anal. Optim. 10, 863–874 (1989)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bard, J.F.: Practical Bilevel Optimization: Algorithms and Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrect, The Netherlands 1998

  4. Bazaraa, M.S., Sherali, H.D., Shetty, C.M.: Nonlinear Programming: Theory and Algorithms. Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, 1993

  5. Brooke, A., Kendirck, D., Meeraus, A.: GAMS: A User’s Guide. The Scientific Press, South San Francisco, California, 1992

  6. Brotcorne, L., Labbé, M., Marcotte, P., Savard, G.: A bilevel model for toll optimization on a multicommodity transportation network. Trans. Sci. 35 (4), 345–358 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Dial, R.: Minimum revenue congestion pricing Part I: A fast algorithm for the single-origin case. Trans. Res. B 33 (3), 189–202 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dial, R.: Minimum revenue congestion pricing Part II: A fast algorithm for the general case. Trans. Res. B 34 (8), 645–665 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Facchinei, F., Pang, J.-S.: Finite-Dimensional Variational Inequalities and Complementarity Problems. Vol. I and II. Springer, New York, 2003

  10. Ferrari, P.: Road network toll pricing and social welfare. Trans. Res. B 36 (5), 471–483 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fletcher, R., Leyffer, S.: Numerical experience with solving MPECs as NLPs. Numerical Analysis Report NA/210, Department of Mathematics, University of Dundee, 2002

  12. Fletcher, R., Leyffer, S., Ralph, D., Scholtes, S.: Local convergence of SQP methods for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. Numerical Analysis Report NA/209, Department of Mathematics, University of Dundee, 2002

  13. Florian, M., Hearn, D.W.: Network equilibrium models and algorithms. Chapter 6 of Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science. In: Network Routing, M.O. Ball, T.L. Magnanti, C.L. Monma, G.L. Nemhauser (eds.), Volume 8, North-Holland, New York, 1995

  14. Florian, M., Guélat, J., Spiess, H.: An efficient implementation of the PARTAN variant of the linear approximation method for the network equilibrium problem. Networks 17, 319–339 (1987)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Fisk, C.S., Boyce, D.E.: Alternative variational inequality formulations of the network equilibrium-travel choice problem. Trans. Sci. 17 (4), 454–463 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fukushima, M.: Equivalent differentiable optimization problems and descent methods for asymmetric variational inequality problems. Math. Program. 53, 99–110 (1992)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Fukushima, M.: Merit functions for variational inequality and complementarity problems. In: Nonlinear Optimization and Applications, G. Di Pillo, F. Giannessi (eds.), Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1996

  18. Gartner, N.H.: Optimal traffic assignment with elastic demands: A Review, Part I. Analysis Framework. Trans. Sci. 14 (2), 174–191 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gauvin, J.: A necessary and sufficient regularity condition to have bounded multipliers in nonconvex programming. Math. Program. 12, 136–138 (1977)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Hearn, D.W., Ramana, M.V.: Solving congestion toll pricing models. In: Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modeling, P. Marcotte, S. Nguyen (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998, pp. 109–124

  21. Hearn, D.W., Yildirim, M.B.: A toll pricing framework for traffic assignment problems with elastic demands. In: Current Trends in Transportation and Network Analysis: Miscellanea in Honor of Michael Florian, M. Gendreau, P. Marcotte (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2001

  22. Hearn, D.W., Yildirim, M.B.: A first-best toll pricing framework for variable demand traffic assignment problems. Trans. Res. B. To appear 2004

  23. Johansson-Stenman, O., Sterner, T.: What is the scope for environmental road pricing? In: Road pricing, Traffic Congestion and Environment, K.J. Button, E.T. Verhoef (eds.), Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, London, England, 1998

  24. Labbé, M., Marcotte, P., Savard, G.: A bilevel model of taxation and its application to optimal highway pricing. Manage. Sci. 44 (12), 1608–1622 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Larsson, T., Patriksson, M.: Side constrained traffic equilibrium models–traffic management through link tolls. In: Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modelling, P. Marcotte, S. Nguyen (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 1998, pp. 125–151

  26. LeBlanc, L.J., Morlok, E.K., Pierskalla, W.P.: An efficient approach to solving the road network equilibrium traffic assignment problem. Trans. Res. 9, 309–318 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Lim, A.: Transportation network design problems: An MPEC approach. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mathematical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 2002

  28. Luo, Z.-Q., Pang, J.-S., Ralph, D.: Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints, Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, 1996

  29. Mangasarian, O.L., Fromovitz, S.: The Fritz John optimal necessary optimality conditions in the presence of equality and inequality constraints. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 17, 37–47 (1967)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Marcotte, P.: Network optimization with continuous control parameters. Trans. Sci. 17 (2), 181–197 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Marcotte, P., Zhu, D.L.: Exact and inexact penalty methods for the generalized bilevel programming problem. Math. Program. A 74 (2), 141–157 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. McDonald, J.F.: Urban highway congestion: An analysis of second-best tolls. Trans. 22, 353–369 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Migdalas, A.: Bilevel programming in traffic planning: models, methods and challenge. J. Global Optim. 7, 381–405 (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Outrata, J.V., Kocvara, M., Zowe, J.: Nonsmooth Approach to Optimization Problems with Equilibrium Constraints. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1998

  35. Patriksson, M., Rockafellar, R.T.: A mathematical model and descent algorithm for bilevel traffic management. Trans. Sci. 36 (3), 271–291 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Scheel, H., Scholtes, S.: Mathematical programs with complimentarity constraints: stationarity, optimality, and sensitivity. Math. Oper. Res. 25 (1), 1–22 (2000)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Shimizu, K., Ishizuka, Y., Bard, J.F.: Nondifferentiable and Two-Level Mathematical Programming. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1997

  38. Verhoef, E.T.: Second-best congestion pricing in general static transportation networks with elastic demands. Region. Sci. Urban Econ. 32 (3), 281–310 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Verhoef, E.T.: Second-best congestion pricing in general networks: Algorithms for finding second-best optimal toll levels and toll points. Trans. Res. B 36 (8), 707–729 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yang, H., Bell, M.G.H.: Traffic restraint, road pricing and network equilibrium. Trans. Res. B 33 (4), 303–314 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yang, H., Lam, W.H.K.: Optimal road tolls under conditions of queuing and congestion. Trans. Res. A 30 (5), 319–332 (1996)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Yildirim, M.B.: Congestion toll pricing models and methods for variable demand networks. Dissertation, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 2001

  43. Zhang, H.M., Ge, Y.E.: Modeling variable demand equilibrium under second-best road pricing. Working Paper, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, 2002

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Siriphong Lawphongpanich.

Additional information

This research was partially supported by NSF grants DMI-9978642 and DMI-0300316.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lawphongpanich, S., Hearn, D. An MPEC approach to second-best toll pricing. Math. Program., Ser. A 101, 33–55 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-004-0536-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-004-0536-5

Keywords

Navigation