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The application of internet of things in healthcare: a systematic literature review and classification

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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem that integrates physical objects, software and hardware to interact with each other. Aging of population, shortage of healthcare resources, and rising medical costs make IoT-based technologies necessary to be tailored to address these challenges in healthcare. This systematic literature review has been conducted to determine the main application area of IoT in healthcare, components of IoT architecture in healthcare, most important technologies in IoT, characteristics of cloud-based architecture, security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture and effects, and challenges of IoT in healthcare. Sixty relevant papers, published between 2000 and 2016, were reviewed and analyzed. This analysis revealed that home healthcare service was one of the main application areas of IoT in healthcare. Cloud-based architecture, by providing great flexibility and scalability, has been deployed in most of the reviewed studies. Communication technologies including wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (LoWPAN) were frequently used in different IoT models. The studies regarding the security and interoperability issues in IoT architecture in health are still low in number. With respect to the most important effects of IoT in healthcare, these included ability of information exchange, decreasing stay of hospitalization and healthcare costs. The main challenges of IoT in healthcare were security and privacy issues.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank to international affair of National Elites Foundation of Iran (BMN) and Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (TUMS-IC) for financial supporting of this study which was carried during his stay as post-doctorate research scholar in TUMS-IC, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Information Management Department, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Ahmadi

  2. Health Information Management Department, 5th Floor, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (TUMS-IC), No #17, Farredanesh Alley, Ghods St, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Ahmadi

  3. Health Information Management Department, 5th Floor, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No #17, Farredanesh Alley, Ghods St, Enghelab Ave, Tehran, Iran

    Goli Arji, Leila Shahmoradi & Reza Safdari

  4. Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Mehrbakhsh Nilashi

  5. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran

    Mehrbakhsh Nilashi

  6. APA Research Center of Lorestan University (LU-CERT), Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

    Mojtaba Alizadeh

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  1. Hossein Ahmadi
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  2. Goli Arji
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  3. Leila Shahmoradi
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  6. Mojtaba Alizadeh
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Correspondence to Goli Arji or Mehrbakhsh Nilashi.

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Appendices

Appendix A

See Table 5.

Table 5 Classification of papers based on specific IoT architecture domain, type of disease or condition, and service or application
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Appendix B

See Table 6.

Table 6 Main components of IoT architectures in healthcare and their main functions
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Ahmadi, H., Arji, G., Shahmoradi, L. et al. The application of internet of things in healthcare: a systematic literature review and classification. Univ Access Inf Soc 18, 837–869 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0618-4

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